如何由生命教育的角度來發展智慧諮詢：解決大學生意義危機的創新策略

Developing Wisdom Consultation from the Perspective of Life Education: Innovative Strategies to Solve Undergraduates’ Meaning Crisis

台灣大學生普遍對為何念大學（尤其是念該專業科系）有著嚴重的困惑，其背後來自對「我是誰」的無知，從而對生命如何過得有意義毫無頭緒，這種「意義危機」（meaning crisis）釀就的後果，在各大學日益招生不足的實況裡更顯得窘迫，如欲對治該問題，實需加強生命教育課程。智慧諮詢（wisdom consultation）是大學生命教育課程發展的歷程裡，自然演變出來的課後輔導機制，針對大學師生平日相處時間短暫的問題，由教師再闢出面談時間（office hour），與學生討論生命裡遇到的各種具體問題，藉由團體輔導到個人輔導循序漸進的發展，對課程內容具有補充與輔助的重要效益，裨益學生與教師建立更深刻的互動關係。就科學哲學的層面而言，智慧諮詢著重採取建構實在論（constructive realism）與批判實在論（critical realism）作為具體的研究方法，因應智慧諮詢理論架構與實踐機制的不同特徵，共構為多重哲學典範（multiple philosophical paradigms）的主要內容，針對不同性質的問題，採用最適合的科學哲學來覓出解決大學生意義危機的創新策略。華人本土社會科學（indigenous social science）建構歷程裡，本研究如若希望做為示範領域，應該從自身傳統典籍出發，來發掘華人本具的正向心理學（positive psychology）內涵，汲取宋明儒學的心性論學經驗，並與西洋正向心理學的相關思想對話，結合行動教學（action teaching）與行動研究（action research）來展開教學與研究工作，最終創發適合華人的智慧諮詢。

Undergraduates in Taiwan, due to “meaning crisis”, are generally very confused about why they go to university, especially why they choose the major. They have no idea about “who am I” and how to have a meaningful life. The result of “meaning crisis” is more imminent in the context that many universities admit fewer students than planned. Life education is the key solution to the problem of “meaning crisis”. Through wisdom consultation, an after-class guidance mechanism deriving naturally from life education courses in university, teachers arrange sessions to discuss all the questions students might encounter in life with students based on their daily observation on students. Wisdom consultation, by the process from group guidance to individual guidance, is a supplement to the course content and therefore assists students to build a deeper relationship with teachers. In terms of philosophy of science, wisdom consultation adopts both constructive realism and critical realism as its research methodology. Integration is the main method in multiple philosophical paradigms. This research, in response to the different characteristics of the theoretical structure and practice mechanism of wisdom consultation, seeks to propose creative strategies to solve undergraduates’ meaning crisis by using the most appropriate philosophy of science. This research, aiming at exploring the content of positive psychology in Chinese societies and being the pioneer in Chinese indigenous social science, is based on the Chinese traditional classics. This research aimed at developing wisdom consultation theory and practice for Chinese societies, integrates the inner discuss in the Song and Ming Confucianism with Western theories in positive psychology as well as combines the methods of action teaching and action research.