多元、通俗、查某祖：陳耀昌《福爾摩沙三族記》中的歷史再現

Multiple, Popular, Matriarchal: Historical Representation in Chen Yaochang’s A Tale of Three Tribes in Dutch Formosa

以往關於台灣殖民經驗之討論大多聚焦於二十世紀，但近年來隨著史料與相關研究的出版，荷治時期歷史漸被小說家納入視野。本文採文本細讀，並適度配合葛里桑的「關係詩學」框架，從多元的視角、通俗的鄭成功描繪、女性等三個面向分別析論陳耀昌2012 年的小說《福爾摩沙三族記》中的歷史再現。論文採新歷史主義立場，認為小說與歷史沒有絕對差異，不論小說的織造或歷史敘述最終均將導向宏觀的人文研究，意在呈現某些（若非全部）先前被排除在外的聲音和視角。以如此角度去解讀《福爾摩沙三族記》，則可更清晰地理解「多族」敘述的重要與必要，以及各族群之間彼此相關但又不同的不斷變化的文化互動與互涉。此外，筆者也細論《福爾摩沙三族記》中人性且通俗的鄭成功陰翳面的側寫，並探索以荷蘭女性為主要視角可啟動的關於台灣認同和歷史再現的敘事倫理及理論能量。

The study on Taiwan’s colonial experience has for a long while concentrated on the twentieth century. Following the publication of historical archives and relevant research in recent years, Taiwan’s history under the Dutch rule has gradually become the topic of Taiwanese writers. Employing Glissant’s “poetics of relation,” this essay provides a detailed textual analysis on the historical representation of Chen Yaochang’s 2012 novel A Tale of Three Tribes in Dutch Formosa from three specific aspects: its multiple perspectives, popular portrait of Koxinga, and female-centric narration. It adopts the stance of new historicism, considering there is no absolute difference between fiction and history, as both fictional emplotment and historical narrative eventually lead to broad research in the humanities with an aim to show certain (if not all) previously excluded voices and viewpoints. On the basis of this understanding, the significance and necessity of “multi-tribe” narrative, and the forever-changing intertribal cultural interactions, can be fully appreciated. In addition, this essay scrutinizes this novel’s humanistic yet popular depiction of Koxinga’s dark side, exploring the narrative ethics and theoretical possibility concerning Taiwan’s identity and historical representation evoked through the novel’s focus on the Dutch females.