社會支持對運動員自信心之研究：以高雄市網球區域中心四級銜接選手為例

A Study on the Influence of Social Support on the Self-Confidence of Athletes: Examples of the Tennis Players at Level 4 in Kaohsiung City Tennis Regional Centre

本研究旨在探討：一、網球選手知覺社會支持與運動員自信心之現況及差異。二、社會支持對運動員自信心之預測。本研究係以高雄網球區域中心選手為研究對象，採立意取樣方式選取樣本，有效問卷共計90份(男生50人、女生40人)有效問卷率90％。研究問卷主要分為「個人基本資料」、「社會支持量表」與「運動自信心量表」三大部分。研究資料以獨立樣本單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關、多元逐步迴歸等進行統計分析，研究結果如下：高雄市網球區域中心網球選手整體上對於社會支持知覺呈現中上程度的肯定，以「教練支持」最多，而以「家人支持」為最低。另以四級銜接而言，國中生在「教練支持」(F=5.52*)及「家人支持」(F=4.59*)的知覺上，顯著高於國小生、高中生及大學生。就運動自信心而言，「自我呈現」及「技巧精熟」得分最高，「替代經驗」得分最低。整體上，國中生有較高的運動自信心，而高中生的運動自信心則較為薄弱；國中生在運動自信心之「技巧精熟」及「社會支持」的知覺上，亦顯著地高於高中生。社會支持對高雄市網球區域中心四級銜接網球選手之運動自信心預測情形：以「同儕支持」層面的預測力最佳達28.2%，其次為「教練支持」為8.0%；兩變項可預測運動自信心之係數達36.2%。

The study aims to explore: 1. The present state and variance of the tennis players’ awareness of social support and athletes' self-confidence, and 2. A prediction of social support in regard to athletes' confidence. By focusing on the tennis players of Kaohsiung City Tennis Regional Centre as the research subjects, the method of purposive sampling was used. About 90 valid questionnaires were received (50 males and 40 females). The ratio of validity is 90%. The questionnaires include three sections: personal basic information, scale of social support and scale of athletes' self-confidence. Research data were analysed by one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple stepwise regression. The results are described as follows. In general, the tennis players of Kaohsiung City Tennis Regional Centre have positive awareness of social support at an above average level. The highest level is ＂support from coaches＂, and the lowest one is ＂support from families＂. From the viewpoint of level 4, the junior high school students have significant higher awareness of ＂support from coaches＂ and ＂support from families＂ compared to elementary school students, senior high school students and college/university students. About the athletes' confidence ＂self-presentation＂ and ＂skill mastery＂ achieve the highest score; ＂vicarious experience＂ has the lowest score. Generally, the junior high school students possess higher self-confidence compared to the senior high school students. The junior high school students have significant ly awareness of higher self-confidence in ＂skill mastery＂ and ＂social support＂ than the senior high school students. On the prediction of social support related to the confidence of the tennis players at level 4 in Kaohsiung City Tennis Regional Centre, ＂peer support＂ has the best power of prediction, i.e. 28.2%, followed by ＂support from coaches＂ at 8.0%. The coefficient of the two variables that are able to predict athletes' confidence reaches 36.2%.