國小學童樂觀解釋風格量表之發展研究：結構方程模式取向

The Development of Children’s Optimistic Attribution Style Questionnaire

本研究目的在於編製「國小學童樂觀解釋風格量表」，用以評估學童對日常生活中正負向事件的解釋風格。研究以便利抽樣方式抽取臺灣地區五、六年級學童744位進行研究。研究工具有自編之「國小學童樂觀解釋風格量表」、唐淑華(2005)之「兒童希望感量表」和董氏基金會之「青少年憂鬱情緒自我檢視表」。本研究結果顯示：（一）「國小學童樂觀解釋風格量表」包含個別性、穩定性、普遍性、接納性四個分量表，每個分量表又區分為對好、壞事件的解釋向度，合計8個向度。（二）各向度的內部一致性Cronbach's α值介於.65到.73之間，全量表的Cronbach's α係數為.77。（三）整體量表的驗證性因素分析結果(χ2=8.22，p=.016，CFI=.99，RMSEA=.065，SRMR=.026，χ2/df=4.11，NFI=.97，CFI=.99，RFI=.96，AGFI=.97)顯示本量表的模式適配度佳。效標關聯效度方面，本量表的四個分量表和兒童希望感量表的總分相關介於.41到.56；和青少年憂鬱情緒自我檢視表的總分相關介於-.31到-.53，顯示本量表具有不錯的效度。進行迴歸分析後發現，「接納性」向度對兒童希望感量表具最大預測力，而「普遍性」向度則是對青少年憂鬱情緒具最大預測力。最後，研究者依據研究結果，對未來研究提出建議，供教師或輔導人員與家長參考。

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Children’s Optimistic Attribution Style Questionnaire (COASQ) to measure the attribution style of children. The participants in this study were students sampled from the fifth and sixth grades in Taiwan elementary schools. The instrument of this study included the COASQ, CHS (Children's Hope Scale), and the ADI (Adolescent Depression Inventory). The results are listed as follows: (1) The COASQ consists of four factors, including internality, stability, globality, and acceptance. (2) Reliability studies of the eight dimensions of COASQ yielded Cronbach α coefficients ranging from . to .73, and .77 for the entire scale, indicating modest stability. (3) The construct validity and concurrent validity were found to be satisfactory. Confirmatory factor analysis: χ2=8.22， p=.016， CFI=.99，RMSEA=.065，SRMR=.026，χ2/df=4.11，NFI=.97，CFI=.99， RFI=.96，AGFI=.97, indicating a good fit of COASQ in this study. There were significant (p＜.01) positive associations of CHS and COASQ factors, including: internality=.41, stability=.48, globality=.56, acceptance=.54；There were significant (p＜.01) negative associations of ADI and COASQ factors, including: internality=-.31, stability=-.45, globality=-.53, acceptance=-.45. Based on the findings of the study, implication and suggestions are offered for reference regarding teachers, counselors, parents, and future research.