《孟子》在語文教育上的運用──談情意培養方面

Mencius On Language And Literacy Education: In Sentience Cultivation

實施語文教育，有二個重要的目標，一是學生精神層面的情意培養，一是學生表情達意的技巧訓練。《孟子》在這兩方面，都有很豐富精彩的資料可以運用，可以說，它既具有經典價值，更是很優秀的語文教育教材。本文將重點放在討論情意培養方面，而《孟子》一書，有很多適用於情意培養的教材。這方面又可分三大項討論，即：肯定自我、自我管理以及培養同理心。在肯定自我方面，主要是以「性善說」引領學生向善的心，並進而讓他們樂於行善；在自我管理方面，一要透過「義利之辨」建立學生行為準則，二要透過「有為者亦若是」的觀念，提高學生行善的自信；在培養同理心方面，則讓學生學會設身處地與傾聽他人的需求，使他們有更好的人際關係，能與人溝通互動圓滿無礙。綜言之，語文教育工作者如能善用《孟子》作為情意教學的輔助教材，則無論在個人品格、自我管理方面或人際溝通方面，都能讓學生獲益良多，而教師的教學效益更能有顯著的提升。

The cultivation of sentience and the training of expression skills are two important goals in Chinese language and literacy education. Mencius is an abundant resource for achieving these goals. Mencius is not only a classic but also a wonderful teaching resource for literature education. This paper focuses on cultivating sentience, which can be divided into three parts: self-acceptance, self-discipline, and the development of empathy. In terms of self-acceptance, students will be led by “the theory of the original goodness in human nature” and do good deeds. In terms of self-discipline, developing the principle of conduct by the idea of “righteousness/ propriety and benefit” first, and then enhancing the confidence of students by the concept of “who as if”. In terms of the development of empathy, students learn to be in others’ shoes and listen to others’ needs, and help them effectively communicate and have better relationships with others by studying Mencius. Thus, if Mencius could be applied in language and literacy education as the teaching material of sentience, it could really help students in their personality, self-discipline, and communication with others. Besides, the teaching effectiveness will be greatly improved.