點塊片式擴張——歷史時期武陵山區土家族地區農業區擴展過程述論

Farming Expansion from Spots to Regions —The Discuss about the Farming Spacial Expansion in Tujia Ethnic Areas in Wuling Mountains in History

本文對南方山地少數民族分佈區之一武陵山區土家族地區歷史時期農耕區空間擴展過程進行了探討，認為歷史時期土家族地區農耕生產空間分佈經歷了五代以前點狀零星分佈、五代兩宋時期點塊狀分佈、元明清土司時期塊狀分佈和清代改土歸流後的片狀分佈幾個階段，農耕區的擴展是以點塊片的方式擴張的；農耕區主要分佈於交通道路沿線及河谷地帶；農耕區的擴展引發生態環境發生相應的變化；農耕的發展和農業區的擴展與軍事性、政治性舉措以及外來移民的推動密不可分。歷史時期武陵山區土家族地區農業區點塊片式擴張方式為南方山地少數民族地區農耕區空間擴展過程的一種模式。

The article discuss the farming development and its distribution in Tujia ethnic areas of Wuling mountains in history:The farming expansion in Tujia areas experienced four steps,i.e.,spots distribution before Wudai period, more spots distribution from Wudai to Song Dynasty,spots and regions distribution in the Tusi period of Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasty,more regions distribution after the Chieftain System being abolished in Qing Dynasty,the farming areas expanded from spots to regions; The farming areas distributioned along the ancient roads and river valleys;The farming expansion made some ecological and enveromental changes;And some farming development and expansion were due to military and political immigration.The way of farming expansion in Tujia areas of Wuling Mountains in history was one pattern of farming spacial expansion in ethnic areas of southern China.