應用單株抗體認知腫瘤細胞之研究

APPLICATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR THE STUDY OF TUMOR ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS

由於1975年，Kohler和Milstein在單株抗體研究上的重大突破，再配合上最近許多相關學科的神速發展，無疑的影響了近一、二十年來生物學多方面相關領域的研究及發展方向。這其中，臨床醫學方面因借助於這些技術，而發展出許多有價值的單株抗體，以致於對於一些特定疾病之診斷與治療有了莫大的幫助。本文將以基本之免疫學理為出發點，對於目前有關以單株抗體及其衍生之抗體結合物的診斷及治療方式，從腫瘤專一性抗原、致癌基因相關抗原、分化性抗原、胚胎腫瘤抗原、同質異形抗原以及腫瘤細胞表面抗原等方面，作一概括性介紹。

Since the successful demonstration of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) result from the fusion of a B lymphocyte and a myeloma cell developed by Kohler and Milstein in 1975, there has been a distinguished improvement about the knowledge in the field of monoclonal antibody technology. In fact, over the past twenty years, monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized many areas of medicine and biologics, particularly research, diagnostics and oncogene related antigens. Among which the most enormous potential uses of monoclonal antibodies are its application in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies and several certain clinical trials such as transplantation and oncologic studies. This review presents the basic antigen/antibody principles to the production of monoclonal antibodies. It also serves as an introduction to various aspects of the technological development, and the potential for the use of Mabs in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies. Their common side effects of use as well as the possible future implications are discussed.