一位初次診斷愛滋病個案之護理經驗

Nursing experience of a initial diagnosis acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient

罹患愛滋病的病患在病程治療中常需面臨生理、心理、社會多方面的壓力。本文為照顧一位原本因肺炎入院治療、無預警再診斷為愛滋病個案之照護經驗。照護期間為2015年3月1日至2015年3月25日，發現到主要護理問題包括：（一）體溫過高／呼吸道感染、抵抗力下降；（二）營養狀況改變少於身體需要／肺炎導致身體不適、口腔潰瘍、情緒低落；（三）知識缺失／愛滋病治療及預後的資訊來源不足；（四）社交隔離／害怕、罪惡感。照護期間筆者首先經由與醫療團隊共同討論，幫助個案降低由於肺炎、抵抗力下降帶來的身體不適症狀，並漸進式增加營養的補充，以維持生理機能；其次經常探視陪伴個案，鼓勵說出內心感受，在個案情緒穩定之際，一步一步協助個案對疾病及治療有正確的認知，探討未來會面對的問題，並運用以往照護愛滋病患經驗的分享，促進病患自我調適及導向正向的情緒反應，藉此照護經驗作為往後臨床工作的參考。

Patients suffering from AIDS in the course of treatment often need to face the physical, psychological and social aspects of stress. This article describes nursing experience of a patient with initial diagnosis acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Caring period was from March 1st to March 25th in 2015. Health related problem of this patient included hyperthermia, nutritional status changed, depression, lack of knowledge and social isolation. Medical team helped him reduce physical symptoms, and increase nutritional supplement gradually to maintain physiological function at first, then encouraged him to talk about feelings to create correct perception of AIDS disease. Finally promoted positive emotional response to the patient. This experience was as a reference for clinical work.