商標之真品平行輸入的研究

Parallel Importation and Trademark Rights

商標之真品平行輸入（parallel importation），乃第三人未經商標權人或其授權人之同意，輸入與國內商標權人使用相同之國外合法使用商標的商品，而形成和附國內商標權人相同商標的商品之競爭態式。然其關鍵並不在於競爭，卻是國外輸入真品之商標使用行為，是否構成對商標權人，或對其國內之被授權人的商標侵權行為？故本文嘗試從商標之獨立原則、商標之權利耗盡原則、商標之功能原則等探討為本，兼論我國於民國100 年所新修正之商標法第36 條第2 項規定，對商標平行輸入的合法性判斷。然本文更從與商標真品平行輸入有關的國內外立法例、國際公約之比較，甚至於國內外學說之探討中，試著歸納出平衡商標權之維護，及國際貿易之自由流通的法理。

Parallel importation of trademark goods refers to the unauthorized importation of genuine goods into a territory or market without the domestic trademark owner’s express consent. Parallel importation results in a competition between such gray market goods and goods imported under authorization. This article shall not focus on the competition arising from parallel importation but on whether such importation causes trademark infringement of the intellectual property rights of the trademark owners and/or their domestically authorized dealers or agents. We shall discuss the changes to Section 2 of Article 36 of Taiwan’s recently amended Trademark Act, which came into effect on July 1, 2012, and which governs parallel importation of trademark goods from the perspective of the principle of independence, principle of exhaustion, and responsibility principle. Furthermore, this article shall compare Taiwan’s trademark law with international trademark legislations and international trademark conventions. Finally, in order to uncover effective modes through which Taiwan can simultaneously protect the rights of trademark owners and promote international trade, we shall examine various legal theories regarding the existing trademark law in Taiwan and at the international level.