蘇門文人私人建物記之美學意涵

Aesthetic Significance of the Su School's Private Building Records

唐宋雜記文中的私人建物記如亭臺堂齋軒為文人燕居優游之所，其精神空間的意涵往往超過建物的本身，尤其至宋代古文家的手上，記體得到充分發展，多數「亭臺堂齋軒」記具有濃厚的文學性質，提昇了唐宋古文的美感價值。本文中的「蘇門」是指以蘇軾為首及其所領導的師友團體，尚包括蘇轍、黃庭堅、秦觀、晁補之、張耒等，凡六人，他們也是北宋哲宗元祐前後（盛宋時期）重要的文學團體，儘管彼此之間的文學風格不同，仍具有共通之處。他們的「亭臺堂齋軒」記流露了文人的精神意趣及人格境界，且他們多數篇章精於論理，略於寫景、記事，以論作記，促使「以善事為主」的記體散文產生新變，文中往往寄寓一段萬世不可磨滅之理，以此召喚、開示後代讀者的智慧，具宋代詩學中「尚意」、「主理」的美感特質。

Narratives such as the“Tingtaitang 亭臺堂Study,”in the miscellanies from the Tang and Song Dynasties, described the construction of the cloisters where literati were accommodated. The significance of the inner space in the buildings, however, often surpassed the buildings themselves, especially since the writers of Tang-Song classical prose were able to master this type of narrative. Most narratives in the“Tingtaitang Study”have strong implications for literature, and hence, elevate the aesthetic value of Tang-Song classical prose. The“Su School”in this study refers to the literary group led by Su Shi 蘇軾(one of China's great poets and calligraphers) and other intellectuals including Su Che 蘇轍, Huang Tingjian 黃庭堅, Qin Guan 秦觀, Chao Buzhi 晁補之, and Zhang Lei 張耒, who were also very important figures during the early 11th century (Northern Song Dynasty) in terms of their literary accomplishments. Although the six of them exhibited differences from one another in terms literary style, they had something significant in common. Their“Tingtaitang Study”reveals the inclinations of the minds of the literati as well as their personalities. Furthermore, they excelled in argumentative articles, followed by descriptive and narrative compositions. They replaced their argumen- tative methodology with a narrative methodology, urging a revolution in jiti 記體prose (similar to narrative prose), which had once focused on narration. In their works, an invincible truth was always cited in order to inspire the readers. These works truly reflect the aesthetic qualities and unique characteristics of the poets in the Song Dynasty: abstraction and reasoning.