「文章留大雅，著述寓微權」──記明遺民李世熊及其《寧化縣志》

Great Perspectives and Criticisms Revealed in Writing ─ Li Shih-hsiung and his Ning-hua Hsien-chih

李世熊是清初福建寧化的明遺民，他的學問淵博，文章動人，著作豐富。研究南明史的學者如咸豐時的徐鼒和20世紀的謝國楨，都非常肯定他的紀錄與所留下的文獻。《寧化縣志》是李世熊晚年付諸最後心力所完成的著作，亦為寧化現存最早的方志。從撰寫此書的緣由，可使人感受到遺民所承受的巨大壓力，而其別出心裁的體例與項目，亦足以引人探索其深意。此書不僅揭示當地特殊民風，還值得注意的是李世熊以他豐富的學養評古論今，又以據事直書的史家態度，抗拒施壓，力求正確。尤要在他堅持遺民的節操，反省明末的制度變遷，保存易代之交的真實紀錄，更表達出以地方為主的特殊意識，展現了見微知著的史家傳承。

Li Shih-hsiung(李世熊) was a Ming loyalist, and lived in Ninghua, Fukien, during the early Ching Dynasty. He was known for his profound knowledge, excellent writing and rich publications. Scholars who focus their research on the history of Nanming, such as Hsieh Kuo-cheng (謝國楨) of the 20th century, have confirmed the writing and literature left behind by Li. Ning-hua Hsien-chih (寧化縣志) is the masterpiece completed by Li during his late years, and is the earliest known local chronicle of Ninghua. The motives for writing this local chronicle reveal the tremendous pressure perceived by the Ming loyalists, while the unique style and titles are worth further study. This publication not only reveals the special folklore of the area, but is also a straightforward and impartial record that reflects the perspectives of a historian. Li commented on the history and future of the area with his rich knowledge, while refusing to give in to biases and ttempting to be accurate in his recording. He persisted in his integrity as a Ming loyalist, reviewed the transitions of systems in the late Ming Dynasty, preserved the true historical records of the area, expressed the special ideas of the local area, and displayed its meticulous historian heritage.