個人經驗與公共領域：《婦女雜誌》通信欄研究(1915-1931)

Individual Experience and the Public Sphere: “Readers’ Letters” on the Ladies’ Journal (1915-1931)

《婦女雜誌》為研究民國婦女史的重要文本，已有許多成果豐碩的作品，但鮮少研究者討論雜誌與社會溝通的功能。本文利用中研院近史所「婦女雜誌資料庫」，研究該雜誌的通信欄在報刊發展上領先並持續引領的角色，作為觀照民國公共領域的重要案例，且探討個人經驗進入公共領域的過程，以及性別身分與社會議題的運作。
研究結果顯示，男性在性別議題的公共領域暴露許多的情緒書寫，女性則自重自持、謹慎維護得來不易的公共空間。男性主編易於編纂男性的性別經驗，成為控訴舊婚約的集體敘事，但他們無法掌握女性的婚戀故事，她們充滿差異且散落。主編挑戰社會界線的「性」議題，成為與讀者的衝突點，並因此收束「通信欄」，取消公開開放的討論空間，使公共論壇內縮為家庭生活。整體而言，五四風潮帶動個人自由的媒體宏旨與社會氛圍，促使讀者更樂於提到個人經驗，而鮮少提到「國家」，但這樣的自由主義女權，隨著戰爭迫近轉向國家女權與集體主義動員。

Intellectuals occupy many primary positions in the public sphere. As a result, the general population is treated as the subject of enlightenment. This method of disseminating information is generally one-way and may increase the difficulty of accurately gauging the social impact of information.
In this study, the author analyzes the readers’ letters on the Ladies’ Journal with high circulation and history in China. The questions addressed include the following: how do the letters establish an effective method of communication between the general public and an individual; how can gender impact the citizens communicate, and how can the readers influence the public?
The results show that men exposed more emotional writing in the public domain of gender issues, but women were more self-reserved and maintained the hard-won public space. Male editors were more likely to compile male experiences as accusations of backward marriages, but he can’t grasp different and scattered experiences of female stories. The editor challenged the social boundaries of “sex” to conflict with some readers, therefore he close the “readers’ letters column”, and canceled the public discussion space. On the whole, the May Fourth Movement led to the freedom of media to promote the readers’ personal experience, and the less mention of the “state”, but such liberal feminism would soon become national feminism as the war approaching.