甘草及其製劑之薄層層析鑑別

THE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF GLYCYRRHIZAE RADIX AND ITS USE IN SOME CHINESE HERBAL PREPARATIONS

甘草（Glycyrrhizae Radix） 具解毒、鎮虛、鎮咳、祛痰、解毒、抗炎、抗潰瘍及類似腎上腺皮質等作用，其主要成分為 glycyrrhizin 及 flavonoids （liquiritin, isoliquiritin, licoricone, glycyrol），以往鑑別甘草藥材以五官辨別，組織切片，粉末鏡檢等方法外，化學呈色法及薄層層析法亦常被應用，但其方法易受到其他藥材之干擾，在中藥製劑中不易鑑別出甘草成分。為探求一簡易、方便的鑑別法，以定性製劑中的甘草，本實驗針對市售甘草藥材，以薄層層析法的分離效果，嘗試分離出甘草之特有成分之圖譜特徵，為顧慮到藥材栽培地區，採收期不同及基原的不易確定，實驗藥材五件分別由台灣地區北、中、南藥房購得，並作共同性探討。

In this experiment we developed three TLC solvent systems for identifying Glycyrrhizae Radix and Its use in some Chinese herbal preparations. The solvent systems consisted of: n-Butanol-go Acetic Acid-Water (7:1:205), n-Butanol-ammonia Water-Ethanol (5:2:1) and Chloroform -Methanol-Water (30:10:1). With these solvent systems in the mobile phases, we could easily separate the constituents of Glycyrrhizae Radix in the herbal formulas of Ching-shang-fang-feng-tang(清上防風湯), Ma-shing-kan-shih-tang(麻杏甘石湯) and Chia-wei-hsiao-yao-san (加味逍遙散). Consequently, using U.V. Light (254nm) or H2SO4/ Ethanol (1:1) spray reagent clearly identified the spots showing the constituents of Glycyrrhizae Radix.