古地圖的美學、風水觀與實用性：清代方志中臺灣府城地圖的探討

The Esthetics, Geomancy and Practicability of Chinese Antique Maps: The Study on the Maps of Taiwan Prefecture of the Qing Taiwan Gazetteers

本文以清代臺灣方志中收錄之臺灣府城相關地圖為例，來探討方志內府城地圖的繪製反映了哪些主觀與客觀的成分。從方志中的臺灣府城地圖為例，我們看到中國古地圖除包含繪製者的美學觀、風水觀外，也具實際指涉方位及指引遠近東西的實用性功能。清代方志中府城地圖的繪製，也呈現了府城在清朝官員治理下，如何逐漸趨近成為一個典型中國式郡城城池該有的城市格局與空間結構，一定程度也顯現了清帝國在其邊陲地區型塑臺灣、型塑府城的逐漸完備化發展歷程。

In this essay I take the maps of Taiwan Prefecture of the Qing Taiwan local gazetteers as examples to discuss the subjectivity and objectivity of Taiwan Prefecture’s maps representation. As I see it, the Chinese antique maps not only can reflect the principle of aesthetics and geomancy (feng shui ), but to show the correctness and practicability: locality and distance. In addition, the depictions in Qing gazetteers represent how the Taiwan Prefecture had become a stereotyped Chinese walled city according to Qing official’s administrative governance. Mapping Taiwan had reflected the process of Qing Empire’s shaping of the frontier Taiwan.