宣、章二帝與兩漢章句學的興衰

Emperor Xuan, Emperor Zhang and the Rise and Decline of Zhangju in the Han Dynasty

白虎觀會議雖效仿石渠閣會議，但漢章帝與漢宣帝的經學措施卻明顯不同。宣帝在石渠閣會後分立博士，促進了章句的發達﹔章帝在白虎觀會議前後，有一系列鼓勵古文學的措施，導致了章句的衰微。瞭解章句的興衰過程及其內涵，對於把握兩漢經學史的諸多問題，如師法與章句，章句與訓故，漢人如何對待師法，以及章句在經學傳播過程中的雙重作用等，將有明晰的判斷力。

Although the Baihu Guan白虎觀 Conference followed the lead of the Shiqu Ge石渠閣 Conference, the policies for classical studies of Emperor Zhang 章帝 and Emperor Xuan 宣帝 of the Han dynasty were obviously different from each other. Emperor Xuan established several different Boshi 博士 (erudite) Offices, accelerating the development of zhangju 章句 (interpretation of sentences and paragraphs), and Emperor Zhang pushed forward certain measures to encourage the growth of Old Text learning, which led to the decline of zhangju. A sensible approach for comprehending the rise and decline of zhangju would be to grasp several issues related to classical studies in the Han dynasty, such as the relation between shifa 師法 (rules of interpretation) and zhangju, zhangju and xungu訓故 (exegesis), how people viewed shifa, and the double effect of zhangju in the spread of classical studies.