郭店〈太一生水〉「（木甫）」的語文分析與思想義蘊

The Role of Inverted Configuration in Chinese Characters and the Interpretation of Ancient Characters

本文就字形寫法、異文通假、詞例語境分析郭店〈太一生水〉的「（木甫）」字，以為其同時記錄「甫」與「央」所各別通假「薄」與「映」的雙重詞義。「薄／映」分別與「搏」、「攖」等語詞相關，並同時以從「□」聲之「擊」、「繫」進行訓釋，二者是上古宇宙觀內涵貫通的兩重概念，具有迫近、交接等平行意義。在〈太一生水〉中，具體表達天地萬物通過迫近交接，產生諸如陰陽等兩種以上性狀的相搏擊、相攖繫（或映照），方能有所攖得、擊取，進而從無到有，形成天地萬物的各種形體。《淮南子》〈要略〉所謂「嬰薄」，張衡《靈憲》所謂「感薄」、「擊命」，正是說明此一雙重詞義、兩重概念的最佳例證。此外，在論證過程中，本文亦考釋郭店《老子乙》的「（□）」字，說明其與「映／攖」的緊密關係。

This study considers the problematic character (木甫) that occurs in the Guodian 郭店 manuscript ＂Taiyi sheng shui＂ 太一生水. An analysis of this character's visual forms, textual variants and the contexts in which it appears, suggests that 楠simultaneously carries the meanings of the characters 薄 and 映 via the respective phonetic loan characters 甫 and 央. 薄 and 映 are in turn related to 搏 and 攖, which, via the phonetic gloss 毄, can be interpreted as 擊and 繫, a conceptual pair rooted in ancient cosmological thought with the parallel meanings “approach/draw near＂ and ＂intersect.＂ Such usage is evident in ＂Taiyi sheng shui,＂ and is further attested to by the expression 嬰薄 that occurs in the ＂Yao lüe＂ (要略An Overview of the Essentials) chapter of the ＂Huainanzi＂ 准南子, and by the expressions 感薄 and 擊命 that occur in Zhang Heng's 張衡 ＂Ling xian＂ (靈憲Spiritual Constitution of the Universe). In the course of the discussion, the character □ in the ＂Laozi B＂ manuscript from Guodian is also considered.