漢字倒寫構形與古文字的釋讀

Sentences with Anaphoric Reference and Propositional Attitudes in Ancient Chinese

漢字構形表面上看是文字構形單位與所記錄語言單位音、義之間的聯繫，其深層實際上是通過字形結構，逆推古人造字時的思維過程。「倒寫構形」是指利用字形或構字部件上下顛倒以表意的文字構形方式。本文的旨趣在於利用倒寫構形的表意特點考釋部分疑難字。文章正文分為三部分：一、倒寫構形的表意特點；二、與倒人形相關的古文字考釋；三、倒山形古文字考釋。第一部分以常見的倒寫構形為例，概括了這類構形的表意特點，第二與第三兩部分利用清華簡等一些新材料，對一些有爭議的倒寫構形古文字進行了考論。

On the surface, Chinese characters' are formed from a relation between configurational units and the linguistic units of pronunciation and meaning that characters record. At a deep level, in attempting to understand these relations, we are in fact trying to deduce from the structure of characters the ancient thought processes employed in their creation. The term ＂daoxie gouxing＂倒寫構形refers to a technique of character formation which utilizes upside-down or reversed configurational elements. This article aims to make full use of the meanings expressed by these inverted structural elements to explain some difficult characters. The first section explores the meanings expressed by using inverted Chinese characters as configurational units in character formation. Section two examines the interpretation of ancient characters that incorporate the inverted form of the character ＂ren＂人, while section three investigates the interpretation of ancient characters incorporating the inverted form of the character ＂shan＂山. In the first section, some common examples of upside-down configurations are presented, and some generalizations offered regarding the expression of meaning in this type of character. Sections two and three draw upon new material such as the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips to discuss some controversial ancient characters that feature upside-down configurations.