日本新版《禪學大辭典》「禪宗法系譜」補正－－以禪宗法嗣為中心

Amendments to the Chan Lineage Chart in the 'Zengaku Daijiten': With Special Reference to Lineage Transmission

中國禪宗發展蓬勃，禪師人數眾多，因此禪宗史專書便依據五家七宗的發展，整理出樹狀的禪宗系譜圖，以利讀者檢索。但禪師名號十分複雜，整理系譜時，不免會因禪師名號相近、一人數名、誤讀典籍等因素，而發生誤載的情況。1985年出日本駒澤大學新版的《禪學大辭典》，其中第3冊所附錄的「禪宗法系譜」雖具權威性與參考價值，但隨著其他禪宗史專書的出版與新研究成果的發表，實有重新校訂之必要。因此本文以新版《禪學大辭典》的「禪宗法系譜」為基礎，據之與僧傳、燈錄、筆記、敦煌寫卷等文獻，進行禪宗法嗣之校訂工作，並區分為「據新出資科而增補者」、「因名號相近而誤脫者」、「因錯解典籍而誤植者」、「因一人數名而誤衍者」等項目，依駒澤版系譜之頁碼、行次先後，共增補禪宗法嗣5位、更正禪宗法嗣43位、刪除禪宗法嗣7位，提供學界參考。

Chan Buddhism flourished during China's Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties. As it proliferated, there was also a significant increase in the number of Chan masters. Previous versions of the history of Chan Buddhism reveal that a considerable volume of hagiography was compiled in order to provide information on venerated teachers or masters. Chan masters were classified according to Chan's Five Schools and Seven Sects 五家七宗), and relevant information presented in tabular form such as specific genealogical or lineage charts. However, mistakes were sometimes made due to the complexity of the dharma name and honorific title system of Chan Buddhism, and the fact that Chan masters, in addition to their dharma names, also had many other given names and titles, often quite similar. This means that a successful compiler of Chan genealogical tables or lineage charts must be careful when reading the texts to distinguish between different personages without solely relying on name or title similarity as a unique identifier. The new edition of the ”Zengaku Daijiten” 禪學大辭典, published by Komazawa University in 1985, is an authoritative reference for Chan studies. However its Chan Lineage Chart 禪宗法系譜, an appendix to the third volume, should be verified in the light of newly-found data and recently published research, and so this paper re-examines Chan Buddhist lineages and the names of Chan masters. After collating hagiographical information, the Lamp Transmission Records and the Dunhuang manuscripts with the Chan Lineage Chart in the new edition of the ”Zengaku Daijiten”, this study amends the chart by adding five and deleting seven Chan masters and making forty-three further revisions and/or corrections to its lineage ordering.