大道之行也－－「滿洲國」大同時期王道思想及文化論述（1932-1934）

When the Great Way Prevails: Thought and Cultural Discourse on the Kingly Way in Datong Period Manchukuo (1932-1934)

本文對滿洲國大同時期（1932-1934）王道主義文化論述進行分析，試圖完成相關文化統制脈絡的重述及其具體形構。雖然以黑暗獨裁專制形容日本武力侵略及殖民統治，確實反映其特徵及歷史定位，但不可否認日本以非西方殖民者身分進行的反省，使其統治的論述與思維發展，有別其他西方殖民霸權。指陳其不顧邏輯，或以非理性方式檢驗日本帝國主義政策思維，容易成為單向理解批判。因此，在東方思想傳統的主體脈絡下，觀察日本與滿洲國知識分子的論述變化與更新情況，隨新資料出現，實有重啟研究的必要。由於事變後社會、政治紛亂，當地文獻收藏制度未臻完善的情況下，滿洲國建國初期相關資料保存地與數量較少，目前鮮見相關研究論述。但本時期正值日本殖民思維產生轉折，落實於政策的關鍵時期，又屬中日兩國軍事乃至文化各種層面於亞洲大陸正面交鋒的初始階段，其得失對滿洲國後續政策發展產生巨大影響，重要性不言可喻。

This paper analyzes the socio-cultural discourse on the Kingly Way 王道 in Manchukuo 滿洲國during the Datong 大同period (1932-1934), and attempts to flesh out the related context and specific structures of cultural control. Though the label ”dark dictatorship” often applied to describe the Japanese military invasion and colonial rule is a reflection of its characteristics and historical impact, it is undeniable that, as non-Western colonizers, Japan's reflections on its role as ruler resulted in differences in the development of its colonial thinking and discourse from that of the Western colonial powers. However, to state as disregarding logic or to examine in an irrational way Japanese thinking regarding its imperialist policies all too easily becomes a one-dimensional critique.Consequently, in the light of new materials, there is indeed a need to recommence research that examines the circumstances of change and renewal in the discourse among Manchukuo and Japan's intellectuals in the subjective context of traditional Eastern thought. Due to the social and political chaos that followed these events and the shortcomings of local archival systems and institutions, there is a relative paucity of material and research relating to the period immediately following Manchukuo's foundation. However, it was during this period that changes in Japan's colonial thinking occurred and were implemented in key policies, a period which also saw the initial stages of direct military and cultural confrontation between China and Japan in mainland Asia The pros and cons of Japan's colonial policies had a huge impact on Manchukuo's subsequent policy development, and therefore the importance of this question cannot be understated.