北宋館閣官、儒臣與校正醫書局

Officials of the Institutes and Archives, Literati Officials, and the Bureau for the Revision of Medical Classics in Northern Song China

北宋仁宗朝，成立校正醫書局負責校刊醫書。校正醫書局共完成十一部醫書編校，在中國醫學史上擔當了重要的角色。本文從北宋三館秘閣校書的角度，探討仁宗時設立校正醫書局的來龍去脈、組成及其工作。過去研究認為醫官在校正醫書一事，佔有重要的角色。本文提出不同的看法：一、校正醫書局的設立是由韓琦提議的，目的是關心邊鎮軍民的健康，校正醫書是為他們提供治療的依據。二、校正醫書局的組成，可以分為三層：館閣官、儒臣、醫官。事實上，館閣官和儒臣的地位高於醫官。在校正醫書一事上，館閣官和儒臣擔當更重要的角色，貢獻比醫官更大。三、館閣官員和儒臣校正書籍是有其規範和方法，他們校正醫書時，也是受這種規範和方法所影響。

This paper explores the establishment, makeup, and works produced by the Jiaozheng yishu ju (校正醫書局 Bureau for the Revision of Medical Classics) in the Northern Song dynasty, which edited, revised and compiled eleven medical classics. Past research has suggested that medical officials played an active and crucial role in editing, revising and compiling these important medical classics. However, in this paper Ⅰ wish to put forward a different opinion: (1) The establishment of the Bureau was proposed by Han Qi 韓琦 during the reign of Emperor Renzong 仁宗. Han Qi was concerned about the health of civilians and soldiers in military areas near the border where there was a lack of medical resources, and believed that the government should supply them with reliable medical texts to consult; (2) The officials of the Bureau can be divided into three groups: Guange guan (館閣官 officials of the Institutes and Archives), ruchen (儒臣 literati officials) and yiguan (醫官 medical officials). The officials of the Institutes and Archives and the literati officials were of a higher status than the medical officials, and in fact played a more important role than them in compiling and maintaining the medical classics; (3) When working on texts, the officials of the Institutes and Archives and the literati officials followed their own standards and methods. These same rules and methods were applied in the handling of the medical classics.