兩岸海外漢學推廣的競與合：以「孔子學院」及「臺灣書院」為例

Competition and Cooperation of Cross-strait Sinology Promotions: 'Confucius Institute' & 'Taiwan Academy'

隨著中國大陸政經實力的崛起，漢學軟實力的發展，已成為全球政治體系所不能輕忽的一股新興力量。2004年11月，中國大陸在南韓首爾設立全球第一所孔子學院，截至2011年8月底，全球已有353所孔子學院和473個孔子課堂，共計826所，分佈在104個國家，孔子學院儼然成為中國文化「走出去」的符號。2011年10月，臺灣書院在美國紐約、休士頓、洛杉磯三地揭牌成立，推廣「具有臺灣特色的中華文化」，展現臺灣民主、自由、經濟穩定發展的成果，藉此重拾對「中華文化的論述權」。漢學軟實力已成為全球囑目下，兩岸競合的下一波發展主力。本文深入探討海峽兩岸在海外設立「孔子學院」及「臺灣書院」的背景、發展及意涵，全面性和系統性的比較兩者在海外漢學推廣的競與合，歸納其在國際間產生的效應及影響，希望能為臺灣文化外交及海外漢學推廣找出一條新出路。

After the rise of political and economical power from Mainland China, the soft-power coming from developing Sinology has become a new strength of global politics. Starting from November 2004 when Mainland China set up the first Confucius Institute in Seoul, South Korea, 353 Confucius Institutes and 473 Confucius classrooms were set up throughout the world in 104 countries in August 2011. Confucius Institute is seen as the symbol of China's ”Going out” strategy. In order to promote interest in Taiwan's Chinese culture around the world, the Republic of China government has established the Taiwan Academy in three cities, L.A., Houston and New York, in the U.S.A in October 2011. To showcase Taiwan's achievements in Taiwan Studies and Sinological research and the result of democracy, freedom and economic development, Taiwan wishes to re-gain the main distributor of Chinese culture.The soft power of Sinology has become the main deciding factor of the next cross-strait competition. This article made a thorough analysis between the background, development and implication of ”Confucius Institute” from Mainland China and ”Taiwan Academy” from Taiwan. Through this comprehensive and systematic study, we will have better understanding of competition and cooperation between the two, the global effects they generate and hopefully find a new way out for Taiwan cultural diplomacy and international Sinology promotion.