古籍叢書的分類體系

Classification Systems of Book Series for Chinese Ancient Records

古籍叢書分類體系，指叢書專目及古籍目錄叢書部類，特別是總目性質的編輯，對所收內容進行屬性分別、細目次分之結構。叢書於明末出現目錄上之立類與分類，歷清代發展，民國初期已見相當成就，1962年上海圖書館《中國叢書綜錄》且在前此成果下，提出一套簡明清晰之分類體系，古籍叢書分類法自此幾達底定。然相關問題，歷來討論未多，如整體叢書分類體系發展演變之跡、各分類法成就缺失及現當代改良需求等。本文以明代迄今古籍叢書目錄，含綜合目錄叢書部類、叢書專門目錄及學者理論性意見，析理叢書分類體系發展階段，考察各分類法形成背景與分類得失，最終檢討《中國叢書綜錄》分類問題，以為未來古籍叢書總目整理之參考。

The classification systems of book series for Chinese ancient records refer to structure of the categorization of the content as well as the sub-categories found in the specialized catalog of book series and general catalog of ancient records. By early Republic era, we can find significant accomplishment with occurrence of categorization and classification of book series at Ming Dynasty through the development until Qing Dynasty. For the editing of ”Comprehensive Catalog of Chinese Book Series” by Shanghai Library in 1962, we can, with the foundation of previous accomplishments, put forth a set of simple and precise classification system, and then the classification method for book series of ancient record can be almost done. However, related problems have hardly been much discussed, such as the tracks of evolution for classification development regarding the holistic book series, achievement and defect of each classification method, and need of improvement today. This article based on catalog of book series for ancient since Ming Dynasty including category of book series for comprehensive catalog, and specialized catalog of book series and theoretical opinion of scholars, analyze the development stage of classification system of book series so as to observe the formation background and their advantage and disadvantage for each classification method. At the end, it will review the classification problem of ”Comprehensive Catalog of Chinese Book Series” as the reference of organization and compiling for general catalog of book series of ancient in the future.