王質《詩總聞》新論

Discussion of ZhiWang's Shi Tsung Wen

王質是南宋著名的《詩經》學家，其《詩總聞》在經學史家的論述中，屬於宋代《詩經》學中新派的名著，不過，「新派名著」這樣的印象可能讓讀者誤以為王質是徹底的反傳統說《詩》者，其實跟真相有一段差距。本文考察王質面對經文與《詩序》的態度，藉以瞭解其解經的基本立場，並說明《詩總聞》的著述體例與解經方法，以此觀察王書的特質與得失，全文以文獻分析與批判為主要方法，此外，也借用了柯林伍德提出的歷史觀點與西方流行的互文性理論，前者旨在確認《詩總闖》的書寫動機與在《詩經》學史上的意義，後者或許能讓讀者對於《詩總聞》本身的價值與在《詩經》學史上的定位可以有更清晰的概念。透過本文的說明，可知宋代新舊兩派的《詩經》研究者對傳統大抵都抱持著相當尊重的態度，南宋早期「最廢《序》」的王質也認為三百篇是神聖的經典。他拒絕讓《詩序》進入傳統中，所以他以己意說《詩》，但王質既然有三百篇出自聖人的概念，則其解《詩》意見的寬容度必然也就有嚴重的侷限。當《詩經》學史上的王質被劃歸至宋代說《詩》中的新派大將時，筆者以為，《詩總聞》其實是一本「新中帶舊」的著作，而「舊的成分」在書中不是僅具點綴的作用而已，相反地，保守的、傳統的精神貫穿在《詩總聞》對三百篇的論述中。此外，《詩總聞》在體例上的推陳出新也引志學者的注意，「十聞」的隨與運用正暴露出該書撰述的不夠嚴謹。

Zhi Wang was a famous scholar of Shi Jing in South-Song Dynasty. One of his works named Shi Tsung Wen was belonged to a masterpiece in new faction of Shi Jing study; however, the image of masterpiece in new faction could be misunderstood that Zhi Wang was a counter-convention writer. The article uses the methods of document analysis and critique to realize his characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.According to the exploration of the article, it could be figured out that those researchers of Shi Jing in both new faction and old faction respected traditional study. The article also defined the work of Shi Tsung Wen as the composition of new and old faction, and the style of Shi Tsung Wen could be found new ways of doing things from old theories.