網路資源備份保存技術與應用探析

Web Preservation: With Introduction to Required Techniques and Applications

本文主要在探討網路資源備份保存之公要性；透過國外網路資源保存之實例，介紹相關技術實務與合作規劃，並說明同時保存網路上「開放式資源」與「閉鎖式資源」之重要性。進而實際使用國外保存網路資源機構Internet Archive之資料庫，以測試臺灣各類機構網路資源備份保存之狀況，藉以了解網路資源本身結構對於完整備份保存之影響。網路資源製作上的規劃，與其是否得以被完整備份保存，關係密切。而網路資源本身之Metadata又將影響自動化編目的可行性與正確性，而間接影響備份保存之資料的提供利用。因此，本文試圖涵蓋網路資源保存上必須列入考量的因素，包括網路資源建置端，以及專為備份保存網路資源而設立之網站機構端雙方所需的努力；期能喚起注意、引發相關計畫之執行，並促成臺灣綱路資源本身結構之改善，裨益數位文化資產之保存以及其長及可即性。

This article discusses the purposes, necessary planning and techniques for Web preservation. The author addresses the importance of preserving Internet resources both on open access and close access. By exploring some Web preservation examples of other countries, the author points out some strategies for technical practice and collaborative approach. Besides, the author works on searches of Taiwan's webpages of different kinds of institutions in the Internet Archive WayBack Machine to find out how Taiwan's Web resources had been archived. The investigation showes that structure of a website, as well as design of webpages contained in it, is crucial for whether or not the website could be completely archived. Furthermore, the metadata information attached to a webpage is used for automated cataloging for its archival version and will indirectly influence users' search. Since a successful Web preservation task is due to good planning by both the information producer and the archival institution, the author tries to cover the issue concerning Web resources cataloging and the necessary effort by the Web information producer. It is hoped that the information and suggestions of this paper will evoke attention, solicit the enforcement of related activities so as to ensure the long-term preservation and usability of digital cultural heritages of the nation.