彭真和中共東北局爭論——兼論其與高崗、林彪、陳雲之關係（1945-1997）

Peng Zhen’s Role in the Disputes of the Northeast Bureau of the CCP and His Subsequent Relationships with Gao Gang, Lin Biao, and Chen Yun, 1945-1997

1945年9月，中共為搶佔中國大陸的東北地區，成立以彭真為首的東北局統籌負責、指揮部署。然而，在東北工作的領導問題上，例如：1945年底是否要調整「獨霸東北」方針、1946年春有否積極創建革命根據地，以及如何因應國民政府的軍事攻勢。彭真和林彪、陳雲、高崗等人出現嚴重的分歧和爭論，進而演變成雙方勢不兩立的局面，最後迫使中共中央在1946年6月介入改組東北局。東北問題引發的衝突和不和，對於彭真之後與高崗、林彪、陳雲的政治互動，造成負面影響和長期陰影；彭真的政治仕途也為此屢受干擾和牽制。「改革開放」時期，在如何撰寫東北相關歷史的問題上，彭真和陳雲重啟爭論。彭真晚年為留歷史名聲，致力呈現和推銷自身的歷史看法和觀點，努力影響中共官方對此部份歷史的書寫和論述。本文有助增進認識中共高層人事關係因過往嫌隙而長年暗中較勁、潛藏競爭的特性。

After Japan’s surrender in the Second World War, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was eager to occupy northeast China due to its strategic importance, and soon established the Northeast Bureau (NEB) under Peng Zhen in mid-September 1945. However, fierce disagreements arose between Peng and his colleagues in the NEB such as Gao Gang and Chen Yun, as well as the military leader Lin Biao, over strategy. The Party Center ultimately decided to reorganize the NEB, and Lin replaced Peng in June 1946. The disputes of the NEB severely damaged Peng’s relationships with his rivals in Manchuria in mid-1940s and in the following years. Peng’s career was frequently undermined by Gao, Chen, and Lin in the pre-Cultural Revolution period, while Peng also tried to take revenge whenever he had the chance to do so. During the Cultural Revolution, Lin harshly criticized Peng, and after the Cultural Revolution, Chen Yun continued to block Peng from obtaining a seat in the Politburo Standing Committee. But during the reform period, Peng devoted himself to debating NEB history with Chen, and he finally succeeded in influencing the official writing of NEB history. This article enhances our understanding of the complicated leadership politics of the CCP.