哥倫比亞和平正義進程與原住民族權利

Colombian Peace Process and the Rights of Indigenous People

2016 年10 月2 日哥倫比亞公投否決和平協議，五日後諾貝爾和平基金會表示「向內戰和談中所有對話者以及歷經多年苦難折磨，仍未放棄和平的哥倫比亞人民致意」，將本年度的諾貝爾和平獎頒給哥倫比亞總統Juan Manuel Santos。超過半世紀以來哥倫比亞國內武裝衝突不斷，居住在衝突地區的原住民族，土地、歷史、社會、文化等遭受危害，生活貧窮、糧食取得困難，遭受邊緣化、文化存在滅絕風險。事實上施行國際勞工組織『169 公約』，哥倫比亞1991 年憲法中明文保障多元族群權利，成為拉丁美洲憲法中重視原住民族權利保障的進步國家之一。本文觀察哥國自1991 憲法以來相關保障原住民族權利法條，以及原住民族多元文化概念下的參照與實踐。

23 June 2016, the Colombian government and the FARC rebels signed a historic ceasefire dear, bringing them closer to ending the long time conflict. However, on 2 October the results of the referendum to decide whether or not to support the peace accord showed that 50.2% opposed the accord while 49.8% favored it. Five days after, the President Juan Manuel Santos was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his resolute efforts to bring the country’s more than fifty years long war to an end. More than half century, the indigenous peoples live in the armed conflict areas, their land, society, and culture living in poverty, marginalization and continue to suffer extinction risk of ethnic life. Colombian Constitution of 1991 enshrined the rights of pluralistic communities that attached great importance to the protection of indigenous peoples’ rights and became one of the most progressive counties in Latin American. This study observes the legal provisions of the indigenous peoples’ right since the 1991 Constitution, as well as the practice of the multicultural concept.