民法權利客體制度的體系價值及當代反思

The System Value and Contemporary Reflection of the Object of Civil Rights

客體的體系價值由民法的體系特徵決定，在《德國民法典》的形式理性中，客體的基本作用是界定權利，其應用由物權擴展到整個民事權利體系。當代民法理論上，客體的不確定性、不周延性和功能缺乏性使其面臨被質疑的困境，這種困境來源於哲學上的主客關係思維慣性的潛在影響、民法的權利思維模式的封閉性以及權利和法律關係概念的片面混用。當代民法上，只有物才能部分符合客體的要求，民法總則應當放棄規定專門的客體部分。

The system value of the object is decided by the characteristics of the civil law system. In the formal rationality of German Civil Code, the basic function of the object is to define the rights. Its main application is in property rights, and extended to the entire civil rights system. In the contemporary theory of civil law, the object is questioned by its uncertainty, incompleteness and lack of function. The difficulties come from the thinking inertia on the relationship between the subjective and the objective in philosophy, the thinking mode of rights in civil law and the mix use between the concept of right and legal relationship. In contemporary civil law, only tangible property meets the requirements of the object General Principles of Civil Code should abandon the section of object.