論民法總則之民事責任規定

Review on 'Civil Liability' (Chapter 8) of General Principles of Civil Code

《民法總則草案》民事責任一章提取了違約責任、侵權責任的共同規則並可適用於其他民事責任，適當對《民法通則》相關規定進行取捨，增加了環境責任規定和對見義勇為者利益保護的規定。鑒於民事責任為民事法律關係之要素，該章應規定於民事權利之後和法律事實規定之前；應刪除司法不能適用的純教義學條款並對按份責任和連帶責任條款作相應修改；應增加歸責原則這一根本性規定；“恢復生態環境”應修改為“修復環境、恢復生態”；責任競合的前提應修改為“當事人一方的行為既構成違約、又構成侵權”；應增加規定民事責任優先不限於同一行為引起的行政、刑事和民事責任。

Civil Liability' (Chapter 8) of General Principles of Civil Code (draft) embodies civil law by force of the state to ensure the implementation of the legal attribute based on the command of the responsibility of breach of contract, tort liability and other civil liability for breach of obligation It also carries forward the characteristics of General Principles of Civil Law and reflects the progress of theoretical research. This chapter extracts the common rules from liability for breach of contract and tort liability and applies them to other civil liability, properly chooses the relevant provisions of the general principles of the civil law and absorbs the provision of environmental responsibility and the provisions of the protection of the interests of those courageous. In view of the civil legal relationship, this chapter should be stipulated before the provisions of civil rights and after legal facts; the pure doctrinal terms which are not applicable in judicial decisions should be deleted; the proportional liability and joint liability clauses should be amended; the fundamental principle of liability provisions should be supplemented; 'the restoration of the ecological environment' should be amended to 'repair the environment and restore the ecology'; the premise of concurrence of liability should be revised as 'a party's acts both constituting a breach of contract and infringement'; the priority of civil liability should not be limited to administrative, criminal and civil liability caused by the same behavior.