民事法律行為效力之立法研究

Review on the Provisions of Effectiveness of the Legal Act of General Principles of Civil Code

民事法律行為不宜對積極要件予以規範，而應通過審查無效、可撤銷以及效力待定制度來明確法律行為的效力，從否定性評價的角度對法律行為效力瑕疵的形態和內容進行體系化構建。《民法總則草案》第六章第三節和第四節共計19個條文，部分繼承了《民法通則》和《合同法》中的相應規則，同時借鑒了大陸法系主要民法典的立法經驗，但在立法技術和規範內容上存在瑕疵或遺漏。《民法總則草案》第121條、第128條和第133條應當刪除，第123條、第125條、第126條、第127條、第129條、第131條和第132條應予以修正，此外應增加“無民事行為能力人或者限制民事行為能力人可以獨立實施的法律行為”等規範內容。

Legal Act should not be regulated by positive elements. The effectiveness of legal act should be determined by the invalid, cancellation and undetermined effect system, and constructed by the form and content of effectiveness flaws from the perspective of negative evaluation. Sections 3 and 4 of Chapter 6 of General Principles of Civil Code (Draft), a total of nineteen articles, inherited the relevant rules of General Principles of Civil Law and Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, and drew on the legislative experience of the civil codes of the civil law system. However there are defects or omissions in the legislation technology and content. Articles 121, 128 and 133 should be deleted; Articles 123, 125-127, 129, 131 and 132 should be amended. In addition, it should be added to the provisions of the legal out that legal act can be independently implemented by a person without civil capacity or with limited capacity.