民法基本原則與調整對象立法研究

Review on 'Basic Principles' (Chapter 1) of General Principles of Civil Code

《民法總則草案》對民法基本原則的規定具有科學性，但其增設的“自覺維護交易安全”和“環境資源保護”兩項基本原則均涉及公共利益保護，該兩種利益的保護只能通過法律的強制性規範才能實現。交易安全保護不可能成為民事主體的行為規範，而環境資源保護則被公序良俗原則所包含，故這兩者均不應成為民法的基本原則。《民法總則草案》在有關民法調整對象的規定中，將“非法人組織”納入民事主體範圍值得商榷，在立法表述中，改變民法調整的“財產關係”和“人身關係”的表述先後順序，既沒有根據，也沒有必要。

The basic principles stipulated in General Principles of Civil Code (Draft) are of scientific nature. However, the additional two basic principles-- 'maintaining the transaction security' and 'environmental resource protection' are involved in public interests protection, and can only be achieved through the legal mandatory norms. 'Maintaining the transaction security' can't be regarded as behavior standards of civil subjects, and 'environmental resource protection' is contained in the principle of public policy and good customs, so the two should not become the basic principles of civil law. It is a mistake for including 'unincorporated organization' into the civil subject in the provisions about civil law's sphere in General Principles of Civil Code (Draft). It is neither baseless nor necessary adjusting the expression order of 'property relationship' and 'personal relationship'.