智能障者身體平衡能力影響因素之研究

Physical Balance Ability and Associated Factors among Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

背景與目的：智能障礙者在運動方面有諸多限制，像是在動作發展較為低下，肢體協調不佳，在視覺─動作協調、動作反應及平衡感也較差。然而，國內外較少關於機構智能障礙者平衡能力方面的研究，本研究意在探討影響平衡能力的相關因素，藉此作為其特殊族群之健康促進指標，提升其機構照護品質。方法：本研究為橫斷性研究，以北部某機構 152 位智能障礙院生為調查對象，分兩階段進行研究，第一階段為自擬式問卷調查，採全面普查方式；第二階段為平衡能力評估，共 96 位院生完成平衡檢測，完成率為63.2%。資料蒐整後以SPSS 20.0 套裝軟體進行處理，並進行描述與推論性統計分析。結果：體能狀況表現、障礙等級可能影響睜眼單腳站立平衡。年齡、障礙等級、飲食行為好壞可能影響閉眼單腳站立平衡。討論與建議：本研究結果發現「障礙等級」對於機構智能障礙者之單腳站立平衡表現而言，具一定程度之影響。而針對機構智能障礙者設計一系列、長期性、關於平衡訓練之健康適能促進方案，是身心障礙福利機構在追求機構智能障礙者健康促進這一環節上需考量的重點項目之一。

Aims: People with intellectual disability (ID) had lots of limitations on physical functions: developmental delay, poor visual-motor coordination, reaction and balance...etc. There were few studies asess physical balance ability on ID population . To promote quality of healthcare, this study aimed to understand the factors which affact physical balance ability on people with ID. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, which was using a structured questionnaire to recruit subjects with ID who caring in a disability institution. The 152 valid data was collected and analyzed by SPSS 20.0 in this study. Results: Fitness condition and disability level affect standing balance with eye opened on ID cases. Factors of age, disability level, and eating behavior affact standing balance with eye closed on ID cases. Conclusion: Disability level was an index factor which affect standing balance with one leg on ID cases. This study suggests that the institution should initiate health promotion plans to improve physical balance ability for people with ID, to improve their physical flexibility and fitness.