水中活動試案對重度和多重障礙學生運動能力之成效探討

The Effects of Aquatic Activity Experimental Program for Multiple Handicapped Students

本研究主要目的在建構適用於重度和多重障礙學生的水中活動訓練試案，以及探究對特殊學生的水中主動運動能力、肌力和心肺耐力，家居生活以及學習意願或動機的影響。研究者首先著手建構水中活動試案，本試案在浮具輔助下，依序有「適應水中活動」和「仰漂訓練」二期的學習內容；對男女各3 名，共6 名特殊學生施以每天40-50 分鐘、共20 天的水中活動訓練學習，依試案的評量指標檢視個案的學習結果，以及綜合學生家長於實驗教學期間每天所紀錄的個案課後睡眠、飲食、情緒和生活照護等觀察記錄分析處理。研究結果：一、在本試案第二期「仰漂訓練」之前，有3 名特殊學生因生理功能的先天限制，有再建構「水中直立」替代訓練的特殊需求。二、有2 名特殊學生達到「30分鐘內，有5 次以上主動下肢踢水的階段性主動動作」這個分段指標，有1 名特殊學生達到「30 分鐘內，有5 次以上主動上肢打水同時主動下肢踢水，全體運動協調的主動動作」這個分段指標，由此看出：這3 名特殊學生透過水中主動運動提升了肌耐力。三、全體的重度和多重障礙學生透過水中活動，增進了心肺耐力。四、藉由水中活動，不僅擴充特殊學生的活動經驗，也提升了參與活動和主動學習的意願。五、特殊學生的心肺能力的增進或肌耐力的提升，也稍微減輕家長家居照顧的體力負擔和疲勞。

Purpose: The study explored the effects of aquatic activity curriculum for motor abilities, muscular strength, cardiopulmonary endurance, daily lives, learning motivation of multiple handicapped students. Methods: The researchers designed aquatic experimental program which included two stages. Stage one is adaption of aquatic activity, stage two is supine-floating. Six multiple handicapped students participated in the program. The program sustained successive four weeks, five days in each week, about fifty minutes in one day. Analysis based on assessment indices of aquatic performance and parents’ records of students’ daily condition such as sleep, diet, emotions, daily care during aquatic activity. Results: 1. Because there were three students with the limitation of physical function, we could set up an alternative training movement” stand in the water” before the stage two. 2. Two students achieved the index which was “the water had be splashed by their legs over five times during thirty minutes”. One student achieved the index which was “the water had be splashed by their arms and legs over five times during thirty minutes”. The three students made progress of their muscular strength in the program. 3. All students made progress of their cardiopulmonary endurance during the program. 4. The program expanded experience of activities and increased otivation of learning for special students. 5. Improvement of students’ cardiopulmonary function and muscular strength decreased parents’ physical burden of daily care.