全球化下我國大學圖像之轉變— 以教改 20 年高等教育政策為例

Changes in the Image of Universities in Taiwan Under the Globalization: A Study Centered on the Higher Education Reforms in the Past 20 Years

1994 年推行「四一〇教育改革」活動，迄今已超過二十年。我國高等教 育發展產生了很大的改變，伴隨著全球化時代知識的輸入與輸出更加快速化與 多元化，知識的需求及知識的型態也隨之改變，大學所扮演的角色已從 Newman 所強調具博雅教育精神的大學，轉變為Humboldt 所稱以研究為大學 發展中心的柏林大學樣貌，而後Flexner 提出兼具研究與教學的現代大學，最 後Kerr 指出當前的大學為一種知識之城下的現代大學。本文藉由文獻探討方 式，將我國大學圖像轉變受全球化影響的關連性歸納有四：（一）從菁英型獨 占的大學轉向普及性大學的擴張、（二）從學術象牙塔轉向為國家社會服務之 取向、（三）學術商品化與知識世俗化的知識帝國主義、（四）研究型大學的 追求造成大學治理與人員任用的傾斜。

After the demonstration for educational reform on April 10， 1994， the development of higher education in Taiwan has undergone substantial changes in the past 20 years. Globalization of information facilitates the rapid distribution of diverse information worldwide. Accordingly， demand for information and the types of knowledge have changed. The images of universities have transformed from a system of liberal education defined by Newman to the model of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin， which integrates academic research to a system of higher education. Subsequently， Flexner proposed the idea of the modern universities that integrates academic research and teaching. Finally， Kerr argued that contemporary universities can be perceived as modern universities of the City of Intellect. We analyzed related references and documents to investigate how the globalization process has transformed the images of universities in Taiwan. Such transformations are described as follows: (a) from elite monopolized education to an approach that facilitates the prevalence of the universities， (b) from a research-oriented system to social service-oriented system， (c) an intellectual imperialism that involves the commercialization and prevalence of academic knowledge， and (d) a tendency to introduce managerial systems and hire personnel in pursuit of becoming a research university.