接觸死亡經驗對大學生死亡態度及生命意義的影響

The impact of the death experience on the attitudes toward death and meaning of life in college students

本研究旨在探討研究參與者經歷接觸死亡的經驗對其死亡態度及其對生命意義的影響，採深度訪談方法，從五位參與者的經驗，得到結果如下：參與者在死亡態度與生命意義呈現三大範疇，包括「對死亡的認知及相關反應」、「對死亡的情緒及傾向」及「生命意義的思索」三大範疇。參與者對死亡的認知包括體悟死亡-察覺生命有限，面對生命的不可預期-看開世事不強求，臨終議題的思索與死後世界觀四個面向。對死亡的情緒及傾向包括與死亡恐懼的交會、坦然接受死亡、逃避有關死亡的想法與死亡困惑。有宗教信仰及曾接受生死教育的參與者對死亡較能坦然接受，未曾接觸死亡、成長環境避談死亡者有死亡逃避的傾向，而參與者的死亡困惑聚焦於對民間喪葬習俗的疑惑。參與者對生命意義的想法包括：樂觀面對、及時行樂，視苦難為成長的契機，思索自己真正想追求，把握當下與靈性層次的成長。最後研究者針對結果進行討論，並提出相關建議。

The purposes of this study was to explore the impact of the death experience on the attitudes toward death and meaning of life in participants.The deep interview was adopted as the method .By analyzing the data from five participants, the results were as follows.The attitudes of the participants toward death and meaning of life contains three categories, including“the cognition of death and related reactions”,“the emotion and tendency toward death”, and“the thought about meaning of life”. The cognition of death and related reactions of participants contains four dimensions, namely“realizing the death and being aware of the limitation of life”,“facing the unanticipated in life and letting it go ”, “thinking about the subject of the dying ”, and“the world after death ”. “Facing the death anxiety ”,“neutral acceptance”,“avoiding the thought about death”, and“the questions about death ”are the emotions and tendencies of participants toward death .Participants who have religious believes and have ever participated in the Life-and-Death Education can neutrally accept death.Participants who have never had death experience or discussed issues about death trend to avoid contacts of anything regarding death.The participants’ questions toward death were focus on the conventional customs of funerals. The thought about meaning of life includes“facing issues in life optimistically and enjoying life while possible”, “regarding misery as the turning point in growth”, “thinking profoundly the pursuit of life”, “seizing the moment”, and” pursuing the spiritual growth”. To conclude the research, the results will be discussed and relevant suggestions will be proposed.