中醫學肝脾說的現代化與濕可滯氣和傷氣機理探析

The modernization of the theory of liver and spleen in Chinese medicine and the analysis on the mechanism of humidity leading to stagnant qi and injured qi (氣)

肝臟是一主要由血肉之肝（肝器官）和神經之肝（神經系統的調節功能）所構成的抽象之肝，它具有善疏調之性（表現為性喜條達惡抑鬱）和調節呼吸、迴圈、消化吸收與情緒以及舒調肌肉和降壓等功能，其的性狀和活動狀態常可反映於爪甲部和眼處；而脾臟則是一主要由消化吸收功能特別是吸收功能和部分血液循環系統之功能所構成的抽象之脾，它具有宜升（善吸收）不宜降（瀉）之性和吸收消化、運行水液、濡養四肢肌肉和防止消化道出血等功能，其的性狀和活動狀態常可反映於口唇處。濕熱氣候等原因可導致水分的蒸發減少，進而導致體液在體內積聚和有效迴圈血量增加、最後因負荷過重而導致骨骼肌、心肌和呼吸肌的收縮力減弱，從而出現肢體沉重、肚複脹滿等氣滯表現和氣短、乏力和消化力減弱等氣虛表現。這就是濕可滯氣和傷氣的機理。

(1) The liver is mainly composed of flesh and blood (liver organ) and is the nerve of the liver (the regulatory function of the nervous system)---the abstract liver. It has the nature of good regulation (the performance of having a preference for modulation and having a dislike for depression) and the regulation of breathing, circulation, digestion, absorption, muscle, mood, decreased pressure and other functions. Its traits and active state can often be reflected in the nails and the eyes; and spleen is mainly composed of the function of digestion and absorption, especially the function of absorption and part blood circulatory system. It is a spleen of abstract. It should rise with (good absorption), but should not drop (diarrhea). Besides, it has the nature of digestion and absorption, running the water, nourishing limb muscles and stopping gastrointestinal bleeding function. Its traits and active state can often be reflected in the lips. (2) Hot and humid climate and other factors can lead to reduced water evaporation, even lead to the accumulation of body fluid and the increase of returning to the circle volume of blood; finally, overloading results in the weakening contraction of skeletal muscle, cardiac and respiratory muscle, and thus followed by heavy limbs, stomach fullness, the performance of qi stagnation and qi shortness; fatigue and weakening digestion, the performance of qi weakness. This is the mechanism of humidity leading to stagnant qi and injured qi