人際壓力與工作滿足及身心健康之關聯：以華人因應策略為調節變項

The Associations between Interpersonal Stress and Job Satisfaction & Employees' Health: Chinese Coping Strategies as Moderators

在強調關係主義的華人社會中，人際壓力對工作者影響甚鉅，然綜觀以西方工作者為主體所發展之壓力理論，顯然無法完全捕捉華人對人際和諧之重視。而既存文獻多聚焦於因應策略對壓力適應後果的探討，未能完整解釋壓力適應的個別差異，據此，本研究欲填補此一缺口，旨在細究在人際壓力下，華人因應策略對人際壓力與工作滿足及個人健康的調節作用。本研究採結構式問卷，共完成708份有效問卷，調查對象為台灣與北京之全職工作者。研究發現人際衝突在兩岸均與工作者的工作滿足與健康有顯著負向關聯，組織政治則與工作滿足為負向關聯，且組織政治與行為症狀為顯著正向關聯。在華人因應策略方面，積極行動與工作滿足為正向關聯；消極順應則與生理症狀及行為症狀為正向關聯。調節作用方面：積極行動會調節人際衝突與工作滿足之關係；消極順應可調節組織政治與行為症狀之關聯。本研究首度以兩岸華人為樣本，確認人際壓力之影響，並證實了華人因應策略的調節機制，藉此呼籲實務界對人際壓力管理之重視。

Purpose: Compared to Western societies, Chinese culture values more Guanxi and interpersonal harmony. Thus, interpersonal stress may play a critical role in the work stress process among Chinese employees. While Western stress theories largely overlook interpersonal stress at work and the individual difference in coping strategies, the aim of the present study was to focus on this particular aspect of work stress in the Chinese context to explore: 1. the associations among interpersonal stress, job satisfaction and personal well-being; 2. the associations among Chinese coping strategies, job satisfaction and personal well-being; and 3. the possible moderating effects of Chinese coping strategies. Method: Using structured questionnaires, a diverse sample of 708 full-time employees drawn from mainland China and Taiwan was surveyed. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that interpersonal conflict was negatively related to job satisfaction and health symptoms; meanwhile, organizational politics was negatively related to job satisfaction and positively related to behavioral symptoms. Active action was significantly positively related to job satisfaction. Passive avoidance was positively related to health symptoms. Furthermore, using active action or passive avoidance as coping strategies had moderating effects on relationships between interpersonal stress and job satisfaction, health symptoms. Specifically, active action enforced effects of stressors on job satisfaction and passive avoidance worsened the negative impact of interpersonal conflict on personal health. Conclusion: Interpersonal stress does have noxious effects on job satisfaction and personal health. Furthermore, some coping strategies can moderate the stressors-strains relations.