佔有之訴抗辯權問題研究

Study on the Objections of the Possessory Action

有請求一般就會有抗辯，針對佔有保護請求權之抗辯權主要區分為8類，其中原告方面未曾佔有某物、被告方面不存在侵佔妨害佔有的行為以及除斥期間屆滿等抗辯事由，其抗辯效果在於使請求權不成立或者消滅請求權，法官可以依職權予以釋明。而對於 原告的佔有為無權佔有、原告對於損害的發生及其擴大存在與有過失（又稱促成過失）、被告享有本權、受害人之同意、緊急避險、自助行為以及無因管理等抗辯事由，其抗辯效果在於對抗請求權，法官通常不得依職權予以釋明。原告的佔有為無權佔有、被告享有本權對於侵害佔有的損害賠償請求權具有一定的對抗效果，但是無法對抗其他的佔有保護請求權。正當防衛是典型的侵權抗辯事由，一般無法成為侵害佔有的抗辯事由。

Where there are claims, there are also objections. In the nature the objections can be divided into eight categories. Objections, such as the possession by the plaintiff never occurred, the deprivation of possession and the interference with possession do not exist, the claims are statute- barred, can the judge interpret them during the civil suit. While objections, such as the possession by the plaintiff was unauthorized, contributory negligence of the plaintiff, the action of the defendant was based on the right, the consent of the principal, necessity，self-help and agency without specific authorization, can't the judge interpret them during the civil suit. Although the self- defence against persons is one kind of objections against torts, it isn't one kind of objections against the claim to legal protection of possession.