專利權保護網之漏洞及其彌補手段研究

On the Loophole in the Network of Patent Protection and the Method to Fix

與商標、版權不同，中國專利權保護網至今仍然存在較大的漏洞。導致漏洞的原因主要在於對專利侵權行為行政執法權與刑事責任的缺失。一些理論認為侵害商標、版權等行為會對消費者造成損害，這涉及到社會公共利益問題，所以納入刑法保護範圍、動用秩序行政的手段予以制裁是可以接受的；專利作為私人財產權，其侵害行為應當歸於民事糾紛範疇，權利人遭遇侵害時只能自行通過民事訴訟的方式進行救濟，侵權人不應承擔刑事責任，國家也不能動用秩序行政的方式進行保護。這可以從創新驅動發展下專利保護面臨的嚴峻現實、導致專利保護嚴峻現實的理論誤解、專利民事司法救濟在構建創新秩序方面的局限性來展開論述。強化並規範專利行政執法，及時將專利侵權行為納入刑法保護範圍，是彌補專利權保護網上巨大漏洞的兩個重要手段。在建設創新型國家的大背景下，不僅是正當的，而且是迫切的。

Due to lack of administrative enforcement of patent law to restrain patent infringement activities, and criminal liability to the infringers, there's a big loophole in patent protection network compare to trademark and copyright protection in China, where the innovators' profit leaks out. Many scholars hold that the infringement of patent is essentially private business and should be settled through civil litigation procedure only, which different from the infringement cases of trademark and copyright. These latter cases will cause confusion to consumers and damage public interest, so the interference of administrative enforcement of law and impose of criminal liability are reasonable and legitimated. This paper reflects from several perspectives, to prove under the mission of building innovative country, the intensification of administrative enforcement of patent law, which will be under the rigorous judiciary surveillance at the same time, and incorporation of patent infringement into penal code, are not only necessary, but urgent.