肌少症的評估與診斷

The Evaluation and Diagnosis of Sarcopenia Der-Sheng Han

肌少症是因老化造成肌肉質量減少與肌肉功能下降的新興老年症候群，會增加失能、依賴、跌倒甚至死亡的機會。目前國際間已有普遍接受的診斷共識，可提供國內研究及與國際研究的比較。依據2014年亞洲肌少症工作小組共識，其診斷標準包括：肌肉質量減少（若以雙能量X光測量，男性為小於7.0 kg/m2，女性為小於5.4 kg/m2；若以生物阻抗分析儀測量，男性為小於 7.0 kg/m2，女性為小於5.7 kg/m2）、握力下降（男性小於26公斤，女性小於18公斤）、步速降低（小於0.8m/s）。國內研究顯示男 性肌少症的比率介於4.0-23.6%之間，女性為0.4-18.6%。良好的診斷標準須能反應疾病所造成之罹病率與致死率，未來有賴長期追蹤的世代研究回答此課題。

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome, which related with muscle mass and muscle function decline during ageing. It will increase the risk of disability, dependence, fall, and death. There are diagnostic consensuses for sarcopenia to facilitate the comparison between studies. According to, the cutoff values for low muscle mass are 7.0 kg/m2 for male and 5.4 kg/m2 for female when employing DXA for evaluation; 7.0 kg/m2 for male and 5.7 kg/m2 for female when employing BIA. Low grip strength is defined as less than 26kg for male and 18kg for female. Low gait speed is defined as slower than 0.8 m/s. The prevalence in Taiwan is 4.0-23.6% for male, and 0.4-18.6% for female. Good diagnostic criteria should reflect morbidity and mortality. Future longitudinal cohort study can fulfill this aim.