親屬安置的困境與爭議性議題之探究：實務工作者的觀點

The Difficulties of Kinship Care Placement and Its Debating Issues: Perspectives from Practitioners

親屬安置是替代性服務的一環，中外研究顯示，兒少安置於親屬家中可增加安置的穩定度，兒少的被遺棄感較少，對自我及對種族文化的認同較強，其適應也較佳。然而在臺灣，親屬安置卻是不受實務工作者青睞的家外安置管道。因之，本研究期待瞭解實務工作者在實施親屬安置時的相關經驗，特別是其所面臨的挑戰以及對某些爭議性議題的思考，以進一步提出具體建議。本研究以焦點團體、個別訪談以及開放式問卷等三種方法蒐集資料。經質性分析發現，實務工作者所提出之親屬安置的困境與爭議性議題可歸納為三個核心主軸，分別為「法令規範與實務操作：各彈各的調？」、「親屬安置的範疇與費用補助：親情無價抑或照顧者平等？」、「專業訓練的執行：堅持專業抑或信任親情？」據此，本研究建議：應讓親屬安置的實施於法有據，以同時保障兒少及實務工作者的利益；國家與親屬在替代性服務中的角色需要不斷釐清；教育訓練應發揮親屬安置的獨特性，以利兒少在熟悉的家庭環境中接受專業的照顧。

Kinship care placement is part of the substitutional services. Research supports that children who are placed in kinship families experience fewer changes in foster care settings and less feeling of abandoned. Children in kinship homes tend to have higher self and ethnic identities, and can adapt better. However, kinship care placement is not always practitioners' favorite option in Taiwan in terms of placing children. This study aims to understand related experience the practitioners have when they adopt kinship care placement, especially those challenges and debating issues they encounter. This study expects to propose concrete suggestions for implementing kinship care placement. For collecting data, focus groups, individual interviews and open-ended questionnaires are adopted in the study. There are three main findings regarding the difficulties and controversies in kinship care placement: First, the legal regulations and the practical situations are not on the same page. Second, the practitioners show different understandings of the definition of 'kin' and the financial supports for kinship carers. Third, different points of view are expressed by the practitioners on professional trainings for kinship carers. According to what study have found out, we suggest that kinship care placement should be supported by legal systems to protect the wellbeing of children as well as practitioners. We also suggest that there should be a very clear role of the state and the kinship carers in the substitutional services. Finally, the uniqueness of kinship care placement need to be promoted by professional trainings, so as to provide children a safe and familiar setting.