華語頂替詞初探－－以動態稱謂為例

A Primary Study of the Imposters of the Dynamic Terms of Addressing in Chinese

本文討論華語動態稱謂語（dynamic chinese terms of addressing）之類型，並提出「頂替者（imposters）」觀點分析。我們發現，華語的頂替者至少有五類：「職業頂替」、「階級頂替」、「性別頂替」、「臨場頂替」、及「詈罵頂替」。而頂替者之形成與塑造，包括三類語意的驅動，反映在稱謂形式上，包括「善意（敬稱形式）」、「貶意（蔑稱形式）」、「情意（人際距離標記之形式）」；華語稱謂中頂替現象十分豐富，可能跟代喻機制有關，足以作為理論擴展參考，頂替者的使用與理解，反映了語言的認知機制，也能解釋某些「非指人定語」，何以能從客觀的客體所指，進而發展出「人稱代詞」的用法。

This article discusses the categories of Dynamic Chinese terms of addressing and proposes theoretical analysis of imposters. Theory of Imposters is a relatively new approach in linguistic studies. This paper would like to explore whether this theory could present a uniform analysis based on Chinese corpus and fiction text. The result shows there are five types of imposters: ＂vocational imposters＂, ＂hierarchical imposters＂, ＂gender imposters＂, ＂impromptu imposters＂ and ＂epithetic imposters＂. Formation and shaping of imposters are driven by three semantic devices including honorific meaning (with respect), derogatory meaning (with scorn), and emotional meaning (adjusters of interpersonal relations); Imposter usage is commonly seen in Chinese and is sufficient to be reference for theory extension and refinement. The use and comprehension of imposters reflect cognitive mechanisms of language and perhaps further explains how certain non-human DPs can motivate the deictic functions as personal pronouns.