台灣地區孕婦睡眠品質及生心理健康之研究

Sleep Quality and Physical and Psychological Health Among Pregnant Women in Taiwan

睡眠品質是生理和心理安好狀態的重要指標。國外研究發現懷孕後總睡眠時數增加，而隨著懷孕末期子宮膨大及收縮等身體狀況的改變，孕婦睡眠品質也受到影響，特別是第三孕期時的睡眠混亂及夜間睡眠中斷最為嚴重。回顧國內相關研究較側重孕婦睡眠品質及剖腹產機率，較少探討孕婦的生心理健康狀況。因此，本研究透過立意取樣方式調查台灣地區孕婦之睡眠品質及生心理健康狀況。研究問卷共發出1,600份, 回收有效問卷總共1,497份，回收率為93.5%。孕婦平均年齡為32.37歲，懷孕進入29週上之第三期者占多數（48.6%）。本研究利用匹茲堡睡眠品質問卷進行孕婦睡眠品質之資料蒐集，研究結果指出，13.3%孕婦認為個人之睡眠品質非常好，但有22.5%者認為不好，約有5%的孕婦有服用安眠藥助眠的情形。研究對象中自評健康狀況良好者有1,012人（67.9%），自評不健康者有32人（2.1%）。若與一年前相比，一樣健康者有725人（48.7%）。經醫師確認診斷之健康問題最多者為過敏性疾病（55人，23.7%）。本研究結果與國內蔡氏學者之研究相比，研究對象自覺睡眠品質良好/尚可之比率較高（75.3%:59.3%），但是安眠藥使用的比率稍高（5%:0.5%）。本研究針對睡眠品質較差的孕婦深入探討其生心理健康狀況，並從健康促進的觀點提出改善方法，期以促進孕期的睡眠品質及生心理健康。

Good sleep qualitycontributes positively to physical and psychological health. Adverse consequences of low sleep quality may be an especially important problemamong pregnant women.There were 1,497 pregnant women answered the questionnaire which yields the response rate of 93.5%. The majority of participants were in their third trimmer. We found that there were 75.3% of pregnant women considered their sleep quality being good which is higher than the similar study conducted in Taiwan. However, higher percentage of pregnant women in our study took the sleeping pills. Results are discussed in the context of previous research and in relation to the Taiwanese context. Recommendations will be made in the area of future health plans to promote health of pregnant women in Taiwan.