照顧服務員正向情緒及情緒感染力與住民幸福感之關聯性研究——探討住民情緒易感性之干擾中介效果

Nurse Aides Positive Emotions and Emotional Contagion and Residents Well-being in the Long-term Care Facilities -Moderated Mediation Effect of Resident Emotional Susceptibility

老人（住民）入住養護機構後，深度依賴照顧服務員（簡稱照服員）的生活照料。研究指出情緒有彼此影響的社會交互作用，正向情緒可以帶來個人生理層面的幸福感。老人的心理健康與照服員的緊密互動關係，是否存在某種微妙的影響？本研究藉由照服員及住民的配對研究，瞭解照服員正向情緒、照服員情緒感染力對住民幸福感之影響，並釐清住民正向情緒的中介效果和情緒易感性的干擾作用。以老人養護中心及護理之家進行問卷調查，立意取樣81組，每組一位照服員與配對照顧之住民1~5位，住民需符合意識清楚，且能自行表達意見者，共計取樣316人。統計方法採描述性統計分析、驗證性因素分析及階層式迴歸分析。研究結果顯示照服員正向情緒、照服員情緒感染力、住民正向情緒皆有利於住民幸福感的提升；住民正向情緒中介照服員正向情緒與住民幸福感的關係，住民正向情緒也中介照服員情緒感染力與住民幸福感的關係；憤怒易感性在住民正向情緒與住民幸福感間的關係具有干擾中介效果。照服員的正向情緒可促進住民的幸福感，而降低住民憤怒之易感性，可以讓高正向情緒的住民有較佳的幸福感。建議重視及加強照服員的情緒管理，若能導向正向的情緒，將助益住民幸福感的提高。

After senior citizens have moved in elder care and rehabilitation institutions, they were highly depended on Nursing Aides’ (Hereafter“NA”) living care. Previous research indicated that emotion had social reciprocal of interaction, and positive emotion resulted in personal physiological happiness. To investigate whether there was delicate influence existed between close mutual relationship of NA and residents, the present study utilized paired research between NA and residents to understand the influence of NA’s positive emotion and emotional appeal on residents’ happiness, and distinguished mediating effect of residents’ positive emotion and interfering function of residents’ emotional sensitivity.The questionnaire survey was did at elder care and rehabilitation center and nursing home, it took 81 groups with purposive sampling, each NA looked after 1 to 5 residents, those residents were all conscious and capable to express their own opinions, and the participants of the study were totally 316. The collected data were quantitatively analyzed with descriptive statistics, confirmatoryfactor analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis in the SPSS.The findings revealed that NA’s positive emotion, NA’s emotional appeal, and residents’ positive emotion were all beneficial toenhance residents’ happiness. Besides, residents’ positive emotion not only mediated the relationship between NA’s positive emotion and residents’ happiness, but also mediated the relationship between NA’s emotional contagion and residents’ happiness. Moreover, angry sensitivity had interfering mediating effects between residents’ positive emotion and resident’s happiness.NA’s positive emotion promoted residents’ happiness, and reduce residents’ angry sensitivity could lead to better happiness of highly positive emotional residents. The researcher suggested that emphasized and reinforced NA’s emotion management, NA’spositive emotion would be conductive to residents’ happiness.