中國大陸中學史地教科書中再現的臺灣意象

“Taiwan Image” Represented in the Secondary School’s History and Geography Textbooks in China

本文旨在探討中國教科書中關於臺灣的書寫及其形成的臺灣意象。選取人民教育出版業者出版之初、高中歷史與地理科教科書，採用文本分析法，將教科書文本依類目、圖與課文進行量與質的分析。根據本文分析結果，中國中學歷史和地理教科書整體呈現出文化國族主義下的教材內容，及中國國家認同的臺灣意象。建構此一論述運用的策略包括：（一）透過教科書內容架構的劃分，將臺灣相關的內容劃入中國地理和中國歷史；（二）在視覺上加強臺灣為中國一部分之印象；（三）選擇有助於建構中國國族主義的臺灣歷史；（四）訴諸於情感歸屬以產生連結。教科書文本忽略、否認臺灣獨特的時空發展，斷裂的臺灣歷史敘述，容易造成學生對臺灣歷史文化與地理錯誤的、負面的認識，形成非真實的臺灣意象，因此為增進中國學生適切地認識臺灣，建議發展一套符合臺灣主體意識與多元觀點的國際教材。

This paper aims to explore what and how “Taiwan Images” are represented in secondary school Chinese history and geography textbooks published by the People’s Education Publishing House. Texts and figures in textbooks were scrutinized based on a conceptual framework. The results show that Taiwan Images are represented under the framework of Chinese nationalism and patriotism. The strategies employed to construct this “Taiwan Image” can be summarized into four: (1) textbook structure is arranged so that content related to Taiwan is incorporated into Chinese history and geography; (2) Taiwan is included in all Chinese maps and zoomed in in illustrations containing Taiwan to emphasize the idea that “Taiwan is part of China” visually; (3) certain parts of Taiwan history are selected; and (4) emotional links between Taiwan and China are emphasized. As the results show, Taiwan’s unique temporal and spatial development is ignored and denied. The history and geography of Taiwan introduced to Chinese textbooks is fragmentary and could cause wrong and negative perceptions among Chinese students. A non-real image of Taiwan has been gradually constructed. In order to produce a more appropriate understanding of Taiwan, it is necessary to develop a set of textbooks that incorporate Taiwan consciousness and multiple views for international students.