勞工頭型模式之研究

A Study for Workers' Typical Craniofacial Manikins

勞工標準頭型模式研究的主要目的在建立三度空間勞工標準頭型系列，提供精確且完備的尺寸資料庫和立體頭顱顏面輪廓型態的描述使產品設計（如頭盔、安全帽、呼吸防護具等）有所依循。本研究共分為四個步驟，依序為抽樣、量測、資料處理與建立標準頭型。抽樣方法是以兩段式樣抽取1100名樣本人，並依八大行業別之人口比例配置樣本數。量測方法採用2.5D光電式量測系統，量測每位樣本頭部的三維座標約25萬點。此系統可在20秒內完成取像，精密度高達0.2mm。資料處理是以電腦軟體描繪出頭部等高輪廓線，每一樣本人的資料處理約歷時數秒。標準頭型的建立，是根據臉長、臉寬兩參數，把頭形相似的樣本人分為同一組，再作各類內差異性比較，主要是以九個目標剖面作為頭部的關鍵輪廓線，將兩樣本人相對應的剖面疊合後，以加權差異法將差異量化，由局部差異推出個人差異，最後獲得整體差異，選擇組內整體差異最小的樣本人來代表該組的標準人，研製立體模型。相信此勞工標準頭型之建立能提供勞委會制定安全帽、呼吸防護具等產品規格的參考依據與測試之標準。

The purpose of this research is to build a series of typical manikins of indigenous workers’ cranioface for the design, assessment and inspection of various personal protective devices, such as helmet, goggle and respiratory apparatus. The research plans to sample 1100 workers randomly using a 2.5D photoelectric scanning system to take 3D surface plot. The surface plots of all the subjects will be classified into several groups (e.g. 2~6 groups) according to their facial lengths and widths. For each group a typical representative subject will be selected. The selection process is based on local difference, individual difference and global difference. These differences are the comparison of 6 horizontal and 3 vertical contours extracted from the surface plots. Local difference is the comparison of the correspondent contours of a pair of subject. For each pair of subjects, the differences of 9 contours must be computed and the sum is call individual difference, which is a measure of the degree of difference between the subject pair. Within a group, each subject must be compared with the rest of subjects, the sum of all the individual differences is called global difference, which is a measure of the difference of a subject relative to the whole group. Within the group, the subject with the smallest difference will be selected as typical representative for the group. Upon the completion of the selection process, the 3D surface plots of the representatives will be fed into C.N.C. machine, and a series of craniofacial manikins will be tooled. The manikins can be used for the design, inspection and assessment of various protective devices.