護理人員下背痛問題之探討(III)：護理人員篩選與訓練

Low Back Pain in Nursing Personnel --Worker Selection and Rraining--

護理人員有較高的下背痛罹患率，一般性之身體檢查，以及利用管理人員的工作指派功能是目前下背痛職業病的二道防線。本文基於人因工程的理念，提出生理適性評估以及教育訓練的觀念，以協助護理人員防護下背痛病變的產生。生理適性的評估，著眼於安全、客觀且量化數據的測試。在考量護理人員在執行工作時肌力運用形態，測試項自包括了手臂、肩部、背部、腿部及綜合性的靜態肌力以及使用六呎漸增抬舉機所測得四項不同高度的等慣性肌力。此外，文中還報導了利用心物法所測得之護理人員搬運病人作業時之「最大可接受的搬運重量」的實驗數據。研究結果指出，等慣性六呎抬舉肌力以及胸圍是預測搬運能力的最佳變項。而最大搬運能力的產生是當病床高度設於90公分高。此外，本文依據研究護理人員下背痛問題之經驗，提出了教育訓練之內容，以及發展臨床用非侵略性之「下背功能評估模式」的建議。

Nursing personnel have a relatively high prevalence of law back (LBP). Method of administrative control of LBP including employee screening and training. Other than a general report of physical examination, this study proposed additional quantitative criteria for the assessment of physical fitness of nursing personnel. Criteria were determined based on the principles of safety, reliability and practicability. It was recommended that isometric muscle strength test scores of arm, should, back, leg, and the composite strength as well as isoinertial strength test score using a six ft. incremental lifting machine be used as strength criteria. A maximum acceptable patient handling strength using psychophysical strength test protocol was also recommended as task specific test criterion. The study provide some limited data of the these strength tests for the demonstration of their function should be developed as a effective administrative tool for the prevention of LBP.