護理人員下背痛問題之探討(II)：工作姿勢分析

Low Back Pain in Nursing Personnel -- A Study of Working Posture --

本研究提供一套工程方法以分析與護理人員下背痛問題相關的不良工作姿勢。工作姿勢利用修正的Ovako Working Analysis System為記錄方法。再利用Chaffin的二度空間力學模式計算該姿勢於下背部（L5/S1）的壓力值，以為評估姿勢的參考依據。該方法被應用於16個病房的64位護理人員的工作姿勢分析上。研究結果顯示，在所觀察的8,629個工作姿勢中，15.9%的體軀彎曲度超過15度。有17%的工作姿勢其下背壓力值大於NIOSH建議的值（Action Limit）而需要改善。除了搬運病人的姿勢外，不良姿勢常見於檢體收集，護理技術，儀器操作等日常工作中。研究結果指出，許多不良姿勢的產生和工作站設計，工作方法，及工作環境有關。只要改善不當的彎腰姿勢，即可減少一半以上的不良工作姿勢。

A postural analysis system was developed using an engineering approach to identify low back pain related working postures of nursing personnel. The Ovako Working Posture Analysis System was modified for doing postural recording. Chaffin’s biomechanical model was used to calculate the associated work stress on the L5/S1. The system was applied to examine the working postures of 64 nurses of 16 departments. The frequency distribution of the trunk showed 15.9% of the 8629 observed postures were bending more than 15 degrees. Based on the calculated stress, 17% of the observed postures generated forces higher than the NIOSH recommended action limit. In addition to patient transfers, potentially health hazardous postures were identified in nursing tasks of inspection, nursing techniques, instrumentation, physical examination, inventory, and paper work.