高活動性人體工學工作椅

A Research and Development of An Ergonomical Chair for High Mobility Industrial Jobs

高活動性工作椅的設計是根據人體工學的原理，採用高坐姿及誘導式靠背來減低坐姿所造成的肌肉緊張、脊柱打直變形等疲勞及病變，並且增加上半身前屈、後仰及扭轉的活動能力，其適用於如成衣縫紉、電子、文具、玩具等裝配作業，及郵局的信件分發等高活動性的工作。為了達到高坐姿的要求，椅面設計成前後兩段式，後段水平椅面用來支撐骨盆所乘載的上身體重。前段的前傾椅面用來維持大腿向下傾斜的角度，保持105度的軀幹──大腿夾角，降低骨盆迴轉及脊柱打直變形。靠背亦分為上下兩段，下段為腰靠背用以持續的維持腰脊的前彎曲率（lordosis），上段為胸靠背，作為工作中上身間歇性後仰時的支撐。本研究利用自行設計製作的三度空間脊椎曲線量測儀精確的量測立姿、挺直坐姿、前面及靠背的高度、深度、角度、曲率等十一個參考尺寸。依據十一項尺寸資料，本研究研製出一張原型椅，引起了廣泛的迴響。目前我們正在進行量產的試作與現場試用及評估，預計一年一後會向產業界推出，希望能夠降低我國勞工因坐姿所導致的筋骨肌肉疲勞及病變。

The purpose of this high-mobility work chair is to minimize sitting-induced musculoskeletal disorders and to increase the mobility of the upper torso by making the operators adopt sit-stand postures. This work chair will be appropriate for industries, such as sewing, assembly and mail sorting of the post office. To achieve this purpose, this chair was designed with special seat-pan and backrest features to accommodate the musuloskeletal geometry of the sit-stand posture. The seat-pan consists of a rear horizontal section which supports the upper body weight, and a thigh support which maintains a 105° torso-to-thigh including angle. The backrest consists of a lumbar support which shapes the lumbar into lordotic, and a upper thoracic support which supports the upper back during backward leaning. To investigate the design parameters for this chair, spinal curves of five postures and a posterior thigh profile were collected, using a 3-dimensional spinal curvature measurement device. These spinal curves and thigh profile were used to extract 12 basic design parameters and other measurements. Based on the design parameters, a prototype chair was designed and constructed. It has attracted much attention from potential users and chair manufacturers. However it is only a laboratory prototype, further development, validation and assessment are still needed before it can be put on market.