周作人的日本民俗研究思想試論

Zhou Zuoren's Studies ideology on Japanese Folklore

本論文以周作人的日本民俗研究為中心，考察其研究的學術淵源及日本民俗研究思想的轉變過程，分析其轉變原因，進而探討他與日本民俗學創始人柳田國男之間的關聯。中國傳統學術中對民俗的重視，江浙地區豐富的民間文化的薰陶，使得周作人具備深厚的民俗學學術研究潛意識。在受到西方文化人類學思想的激發下，周作人進入了民俗學研究領域。對於日本生活習俗的喜愛、思古之幽情引起了他研究日本民俗的興趣，而日本柳田國男民俗學思想的影響，促使他對日本民俗進行了一系列深入且細緻的考察。周作人對於日本衣食住和民間信仰、宗教的考察，與他初期的研究相比，在研究視角、研究對象、研究目的和方法上都出現了轉變，日本民俗學尤其是柳田國男民俗學的影響和啟發是促使周作人民俗學思想轉變的主要因素。周作人充分地領會日本民俗學尤其是柳田民俗學思想，並積極地介紹、運用和推廣，在一定程度上對民俗學基本問題作出了解答，為中國現代民俗學學科的創立作出了其獨特的貢獻。

This paper focuses on the academic background and the causes of Zhou Zuoren's study on Japanese folklore. What's more, an in-depth exploration is made on the change of Zhou's thoughts as well as the reason for the change. Therefore, the influence of his thoughts on the early development of Chinese modern folklore studies is revealed. Folklore was highly emphasized in Chinese traditional academic studies. Immersed in the rich folk cultures in the area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces and inspired by development of western cultural anthropology, Zhou started an interest in the study of folklore. His fondness for Japanese customs and his emotional recall of the past also aroused his interest in Japanese folklore study. Politically speaking, the success of the Meji Reformation attracted his attention to Japanese cultures. Zhou's later study on Japanese daily life, folk belief and religion are quite different from his previous study in terms of perspective, purpose, target and method. The reason for this change mainly lies in the influence of Japanese folklore studies, especially YanagidaKunio's study. Zhou fully apprehended them and passionately worked on the introduction, application and popularization of them, which are quite helpful for the formation of Chinese modern folklore studies as an academic discipline.