探討達成共識過程中談話權交替之台日對照研究─－以尋求資訊的話語為主

A Comparative Study of the Process of Achieving Common Understanding from the Viewpoint of Turn-Taking in Conversation between Taiwan and Japan- Focusing Utterances to Request for Information

本研究主要從互動的觀點分析談話權交替的現象，針對尋求資訊的話語，進行台日對照研究。探討達成共識的過程中台灣大學生之間與日本大學生之間的差異。以好友之間的對話為分析對象，從談話權是否為發言者本身自發性取得的角度，將談話權交替之形式分為「主導型」與「對應型」兩種模式。並分析談話權交替的特徵與讓渡談話權中尋求資訊話語的使用狀況。分析結果顯示，台灣人傾向使用「主導型」之談話模式，即使透過尋求資訊的話語將談話權讓渡給對方，亦會針對對方的答覆加以反駁，進而強調自身主張的優越性，將談話引導至有利的方向。另外，日本人均衡使用「主導型」與「對應型」的談話模式，透過尋求資訊的話語，讓談話在相互理解的基礎上展開。從本研究的結果可知，對達成共識的解讀，可能會因為文化的不同產生差異。

This study analyzed turn-taking from the viewpoint of interactions and compared the situations between Taiwan and Japan with the focus on conversations to request for information. The differences between Taiwanese and Japanese college students during the process of achieving common understanding were examined. The analysis subjects were conversations between good friends. Two turn-taking models were considered, the ＂dominant＂ model and the responding＂ model, based on whether the speaker can decide who speaks. The features of turn-taking and the usage of words to switch speaker to request for information were analyzed. The results showed that Taiwanese people tended to adopt the ＂dominant＂ model. Even when they decided to give the turn to another person, they still retorted upon that person to show the superiority of their view and directed the conversation toward a direction which could benefit them. Japanese people adopted both the ＂dominant＂ model and the ＂responding＂ model in a rather balanced away. By using words to request for information, they maintained a conversation on the basis of mutual understanding.